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A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278298
ISSN: 2633-304X
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During his meeting with his Kazakh counterpart Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Astana, Putin called the two countries “not just allies, but very close allies”. A month earlier, Putin had…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283709
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The EU on March 10 set a deadline of 2027 to “achieve independence” from Russian gas. Iran, which has the world’s second-largest gas reserves, has the potential to become a major…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB268371
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Budapest's balancing between traditional and non-traditional ties.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB198144
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Revived plans to transit Russian gas through Bulgaria into Europe and build a nuclear plant at Belene.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB235827
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Vaezi was speaking after talks with visiting Armenian Economy Minister Karen Chshmaritian. Since Iran's nuclear deal with the international powers, Armenia is in a key position…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB206641
ISSN: 2633-304X
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He was leading a sizeable delegation of Turkish government ministers and business people. Although the war in Ukraine and the reset of relations with neighbours in the Middle…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272844
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Since 2021, Turkey has been working to improve relations with former regional rivals such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt and Israel. It sees the outreach…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281425
ISSN: 2633-304X
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BALKANS/TURKEY: Erdogan's tour indicates stronger ties