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Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 May 2023

Shamkhani raised the issue of reactivating the ‘rupee-rial’ mechanism to boost bilateral trade, which has fallen sharply since 2018-19. The visit came at a time when Iran has…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 June 2015

Prospects for Russia/CIS in the third quarter.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 6 November 2023

Tensions between opposing political forces rose last month when the government triggered impeachment proceedings against the president. Although this failed, strains between the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 May 2023

The same month, Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliyev said Russia was willing to accept reduced rates for its gas. The two announcements follow an intense diplomatic game…

Executive summary
Publication date: 7 July 2022

KAZAKHSTAN/RUSSIA: Tokayev avoids criticising oil move

Expert briefing
Publication date: 10 July 2017

With arms exports estimated at 14 billion dollars in 2016, Russia is the world's second-largest exporter of weapons after the United States. Sales of military technology support…

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