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1 – 4 of 4The war in Ukraine, Western sanctions and the redirection of external trade away from Europe towards new partners all required a surge in investment. The bulk of new investment…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286245
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Record levels of defence spending have led to surging demand for inputs used to manufacture military equipment, driving up output across various sectors. However, evidence of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285498
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Russia's economic problems caused by the low price of oil and to a lesser extent Western sanctions are a challenge for Kazakhstan and the four other Central Asian states. In its…