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However, many countries, including those worst-affected by COVID-19, have committed to maintaining defence spending commitments, suggesting that 2020 will have less of an impact…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB258474
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Traditionally, Germany has been cautious about defence spending and build-up. However, the defence ministry now wants to reorganise the Bundeswehr (armed forces) so that it…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB236026
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Berlin argues that Arrow 3 will close a capabilities gap in its air defence, though some analysts regard it as unnecessary. It is stepping up defence spending after years of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281745
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The debate around European defence integration has surfaced periodically over past decades, but progress has fallen short of expectations. Brexit and the elections of Presidents…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB222324
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The EU is ramping up weapons deliveries as well as ammunition production both to ensure adequate supplies for Ukraine’s defence against Russia and to replenish and modernise…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB279275
ISSN: 2633-304X
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European reserve forces.
The changes, which shocked Scholz's coalition partners, promise a major shift in Germany's strategic posture, with more military capability and a stress on building Europe's hard…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB267894
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Such investment will be spread across key areas including aviation, cyber and ground warfare. Increased defence spending does not point to changes on Austria's policy of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB274121
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This followed the approval of a white paper on Germany's security policy and the future of its armed forces on July 13. The fundamental suggestion of the white paper -- which sits…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB213239
ISSN: 2633-304X
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FSVTS explicitly mentioned facilities in Bulgaria and the Czech Republic. Both countries are sizeable arms manufacturers and exporters, but also rely on certain Russian supplies…