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An agreement in principle in 2018, to modernise a 2000 trade deal to deepen trade and investment, is yet to be implemented. At the same time, controversial energy reforms pushed…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB263003
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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He faces pressure to deliver on ambitious promises regarding systemic reform, economic prosperity, wealth redistribution, environmental conservation and peace. However, his…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272098
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The primary surplus (0.6% of GDP) was driven by a 35% real fall in primary spending, which offset a recession-induced 4.5% drop in revenues. Month-on-month inflation has also…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286714
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
The COVID-19 pandemic and energy revenues in 2021-22 allowed Algerian authorities effectively to weaken the Hirak movement -- the large-scale popular protests that demanded the…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278024
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The slowdown of 2015 continued through the first half of 2016 and may develop into recession by year-end. Depressed prices for Kazakhstan's main exports, inflation and falling…