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Expert briefing
Publication date: 3 March 2016

Russia's economic problems caused by the low price of oil and to a lesser extent Western sanctions are a challenge for Kazakhstan and the four other Central Asian states. In its…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 February 2024

However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 26 May 2016

High on the agenda is the need for science to work across disciplines to address complex societal problems. In 2015, research and development (R&D) funding increased by 5.1…

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