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The economy faces chronic problems of low growth, joblessness and declining living standards, resulting in periodic protests. Its heavy dependence on foreign aid, especially from…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280803
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The PYD controls the US-backed Kurdish-led administration in north-east Syria. It was the target of an October 2019 invasion by Turkey, which equates it with its own rebel…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB253541
ISSN: 2633-304X
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A fiscal crunch exacerbated by the pandemic and associated oil-price crash has forced the authorities to step up long-term ‘Omanisation’ efforts, ultimately taking pressure off…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB259114
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Regional host countries are increasingly calling for the voluntary or forced return of Syrian refugees at a time when Western countries are distracted by the flow of Ukrainian…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB271806
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Civil society, notably the grassroots 'resistance committees' that spearheaded the overthrow of the former regime in 2019, has largely resisted involvement in the devastating…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280138
ISSN: 2633-304X
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However, in 2021 they will all face two common challenges: recovering from major economic shocks in 2020 and reorienting to US policy shifts under a Biden presidency. From…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB257604
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The IHC was created in 2003 to attract international humanitarian organisations and associated commercial businesses to Dubai and raise the international visibility of the United…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272382
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The government's decision to grant access was intended to meet a June deadline set by international powers demanding that Syria widen access to 19 besieged areas. With some 6.6…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB211681
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Long-standing weaknesses in governance and the public health system have left Libya unable to slow or prevent community transmission of COVID-19.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB256486
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This came during a visit by Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif, who was seeking to negotiate a 25-year strategic partnership and move forward with collaboration on a…