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1 – 10 of 13Turkey’s confrontation with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is a key driver of regional and to some extent international policy. Erdogan’s comfortable victory in the May 2023…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285684
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the opening ceremony by video link, hailing the “irresistible” trend towards multipolarity and economic globalisation. The forum discussed…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280576
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Co-chaired by Moscow and ASEAN's 2016 chair, Vientiane, President Vladimir Putin presided with new Laotian Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB211264
ISSN: 2633-304X
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A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278298
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Vietnam is Russia’s closest partner in South-east Asia and has refused to criticise Moscow over the Ukraine war. Between 2000 and 2022, Russia accounted for more than 80% of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284520
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkish state-owned utility BOTAS has a supply contract with Bulgargaz which also includes access to the Bulgarian grid. It is in position to resell Russian gas to customers in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281972
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Other South-east Asian countries also backed the resolution and have, like Singapore, criticised the war. However, the city-state is the only regional player to impose financial…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB273595
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkmenistan's international relations.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB207448
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia has experienced severe economic distress since it invaded Ukraine on February 24. Rising geopolitical risk and stringent sanctions imposed by the United States, the EU and…