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Expert briefing
Publication date: 6 March 2024

Turkey’s confrontation with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is a key driver of regional and to some extent international policy. Erdogan’s comfortable victory in the May 2023…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 16 April 2024

Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 18 July 2023

Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the opening ceremony by video link, hailing the “irresistible” trend towards multipolarity and economic globalisation. The forum discussed…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 May 2016

Co-chaired by Moscow and ASEAN's 2016 chair, Vientiane, President Vladimir Putin presided with new Laotian Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 14 April 2023

A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 January 2024

Vietnam is Russia’s closest partner in South-east Asia and has refused to criticise Moscow over the Ukraine war. Between 2000 and 2022, Russia accounted for more than 80% of…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 15 September 2023

Turkish state-owned utility BOTAS has a supply contract with Bulgargaz which also includes access to the Bulgarian grid. It is in position to resell Russian gas to customers in…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 25 October 2022

Other South-east Asian countries also backed the resolution and have, like Singapore, criticised the war. However, the city-state is the only regional player to impose financial…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 December 2015

Turkmenistan's international relations.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 March 2022

Russia has experienced severe economic distress since it invaded Ukraine on February 24. Rising geopolitical risk and stringent sanctions imposed by the United States, the EU and…

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