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Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 August 2023

This follows the transfer of the assets of energy companies Uniper and Fortum three months earlier. Temporary management is likely to end in eventual nationalisation, and a…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 4 October 2023

Fostering closer trade and financial ties with countries outside the West is essential if Russia is to improve its economic security and enhance its sovereignty. For Moscow it is…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 July 2023

Ukraine had been a significant grain exporter, much of it to poor countries, accounting for about 10% of world trade. The invasion stopped that. In July 2022, Turkey and the UN…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 January 2024

Russia seeks to enhance its cooperation with the Gulf Arab states to offset its diplomatic and economic isolation from the West, leveraging its status as a valued security partner…

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