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1 – 10 of 14This is the trajectory followed by the majority of member states. However, blockages remain in east-central Europe, where Turkey could play a role in maintaining direct or…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286400
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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This follows years of the region being regarded as of peripheral interest to Brussels. Nonetheless, relations have not always been smooth.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285060
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In October the government of Moldova decided to cease buying natural gas from Gazprom, having secured sufficient supplies from alternative sources at a lower price. Although…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282997
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkish state-owned utility BOTAS has a supply contract with Bulgargaz which also includes access to the Bulgarian grid. It is in position to resell Russian gas to customers in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281972
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Doha is boosting the liquidity of the QIA, its sovereign wealth fund (SWF), using some of its high fiscal surplus. The SWF is in the midst of a period of portfolio rebalancing, by…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282269
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is Russia’s drastic response to most developed states’ economic sanctions following the invasion of Ukraine. It means a new geography of foreign trade that will not only…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278226
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Russia's economic problems caused by the low price of oil and to a lesser extent Western sanctions are a challenge for Kazakhstan and the four other Central Asian states. In its…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB209755
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Budapest's balancing between traditional and non-traditional ties.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB198144
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Gazprom held its first auctions, for Nord Stream gas, on September 7-10. Auctions represent a departure in Gazprom's sales strategy, and suggest that it is exploring alternatives…