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Unprecedented Western sanctions have pushed Russia to seek new bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). Moscow is moving fast to create a wide network of agreements with emerging…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283317
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Parallel imports have played a crucial role in securing the supply of goods for the Russian economy. The creation and management of parallel import channels is now an important…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286497
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Fostering closer trade and financial ties with countries outside the West is essential if Russia is to improve its economic security and enhance its sovereignty. For Moscow it is…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282333
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
In the past 12 months, Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have become dialogue partners of the SCO, while Iran has become a full member.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281934
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Kazakhstan’s economy has weathered well the turbulences created by the war in Ukraine. A new context for the country’s traditional aspirations to balance and diversify economic…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280435
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and subsequent Western sanctions caused a severe crisis in the automotive sector. Supply chains were severed, output collapsed and exports…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284401
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Modestly increased gas exports to China have offset only a fraction of the lost business in Europe. The United States last year imposed sanctions on the flagship Arctic-2 LNG…