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PMI data indicate that the non-oil private sector continues to expand in 2023 as the government attempts to diversify its economic base away from gas dependency. Regulatory reform…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283091
ISSN: 2633-304X
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He was speaking at the signing ceremony for the first USD845mn grant bolstering the national budget, under a new agreement signed this year. The Gaza war has exacerbated concerns…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283977
ISSN: 2633-304X
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However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Reforms to the ESM, which is the EU’s main bailout fund, were agreed by member states in 2021 but implementation has been halted by Italian opposition. The vote exposed divisions…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284559
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The ruling means there is a gap of at least EUR17bn (USD18.4bn) in next year’s spending that needs to be addressed. The coalition parties are divided on how to resolve the issue.