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German-French defence tensions will persist

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GERMANY

Berlin argues that Arrow 3 will close a capabilities gap in its air defence, though some analysts regard it as unnecessary. It is stepping up defence spending after years of…

Iran is approaching the limits of its oil expansion

Location:

IRAN

Iran’s increasingly skilled sanctions evasion (aided by less intense US enforcement) has made it the second-largest contributor to higher global oil output over the past year…

Russia’s war in Ukraine puts Gazprom at risk

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RUSSIA

In October the government of Moldova decided to cease buying natural gas from Gazprom, having secured sufficient supplies from alternative sources at a lower price. Although…

Global South will become even more important to Russia

Location:

RUSSIA

Fostering closer trade and financial ties with countries outside the West is essential if Russia is to improve its economic security and enhance its sovereignty. For Moscow it is…