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US sanctions have already impeded payment in hard currency, and Washington’s waivers allowing continuation of the trade may end in February. Exports to Turkey and Iraq have helped…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB250348
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Tehran’s more sophisticated sanctions avoidance tactics and greater willingness to test Washington’s enforcement have substantially boosted exports from 2019 lows. The slow…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB260273
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The government is pressing ahead with key developments in the energy sector. These include attempts to boost electricity supply and reduce dependence on Iranian gas and power.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB242202
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The Rosneft company's growth strategy.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB235460
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Higher oil prices, enhanced sanctions evasion and imported Iranian 'diluents' (liquids used to dilute heavy crude) allowed for a resurgence of Venezuelan oil exports and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB266767
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This followed several days of wargames in the area by the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC). US plans to reinstate sanctions on Iran -- the first tranche came into effect…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB236650
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Bilateral ties are strengthening and Kazakhstan is increasingly betting on China as the best available source of long-term investments, Kazakhstan's deputy minister of investments…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB205964
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russian oil and gas companies' foreign investments.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB233462
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkish-Iraqi-Iranian hydrocarbons links.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB235720
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In June 2022, Russia booked almost twice the revenue (USD20.4bn) from such exports. Declining oil income poses a serious challenge to the administration of President Vladimir…