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Austrian exit from Russian gas is far from assured

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AUSTRIA

Russia's share of Austrian gas imports was cut sharply in the wake of the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine but has now returned to pre-war levels. Austria’s ability to accelerate…

Prospects for the Russian economy in 2023

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PROSPECTS 2023

Prospects for the Russian economy in 2023.

Russia's budget revenue forecast may prove optimistic

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RUSSIA

The Ministry of Finance is seeking new ways to boost federal revenues to fund rising military expenditure, as well as any pledges made during the forthcoming presidential election…

Russia and also Europe to suffer from EU sanctions

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INTERNATIONAL

EU leaders accept that the measures will undercut EU growth and increase the risks of recession. They have less appetite than Washington for further sanctions, reflecting their…

War in Ukraine will impel Kazakhstan to diversify

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KAZAKHSTAN

Kazakhstan’s economy has weathered well the turbulences created by the war in Ukraine. A new context for the country’s traditional aspirations to balance and diversify economic…

Sanctions will increase risks for Russian economy

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RUSSIA

However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…

Russia's economic decline will continue this year

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RUSSIA

The recession was far shallower than expected; early forecasts had predicted a contraction of up to 10%. However, economic decline will continue into 2023. Unprecedented sanctions…

EU green hydrogen efforts will increase significantly

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EU

'Green hydrogen' made using renewable energy offers a long-term, environmentally sustainable alternative with significant potential for cost reduction. Accelerating its deployment…

Prospects for the Middle East in the second quarter

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PROSPECTS Q2 2015

Prospects for the Middle East in the second quarter.

War threatens lasting risks for Germany’s economy

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GERMANY

The impact of the war in Ukraine, and Western sanctions on Russia, is already harming the economy through higher energy and consumer prices plus trade disruption. The German…