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“Zero tolerance” has become the international “buzz word” of the secondary building administrator. As school violence has increased so have the legislative and regulatory policy‐making mandates calling for increased disciplinary consequences for inappropriate student behavior. Ethical problem‐solving and decision‐making have taken a back seat to reactive discipline by school officials. Media publicity has forced proactive principals to become reactive impulsive decision‐makers. In this article, Starratt's three‐part model for ethical school administration – encompassing the ethics of critique, justice, and care – is applied to a fictional scenario and the ethical dilemma that evolves. Recommendations for practice are offered in a proposed resolution of the dilemma within the context of a central conclusion: if the school administrator of the twenty‐first century is to build and maintain an ethical educational setting where all students can learn, zero tolerance cannot dictate the only outcomes for inappropriate student behavior.

Crime reduction partnerships depend a great deal upon the input of the police and the manner in which the police implement their activities impacts upon the success or otherwise of initiatives. This article examines three of the main styles of policing that appear to be prevalent in the delivery of crime reduction programmes, examining their relative strengths and weaknesses.

A series of highly publicized school shootings in the USA generated the misperception of an epidemic of school violence. Fears of school violence stimulated an ill‐advised expansion of zero tolerance school discipline policies and the widespread dissemination of profiles or warning signs of potentially dangerous students for use by school administrators. This article presents the rationale for student threat assessment as an administrative alternative to zero tolerance or profiling. It describes the development and field‐testing of guidelines for school administrators to follow in investigating and resolving student threats of violence. Student threat assessment permits administrators to make reasonable judgments about the seriousness of a threat, to resolve most threats quickly and efficiently, and to reserve more labor‐intensive procedures for the most serious threats.

Recent globalization of markets has led to corporate activities that span numerous national boundaries within a single multinational corporation. We address the particular problem of cash flow management in a multinational setting. Uncertainty regarding changes in exchange rates, differences between currency bid and ask prices, possibly unknown changes in both lending and borrowing rates, and uncertain cash flows from subsidiaries make this problem difficult to specify in a traditional crisp environment. In this paper, we show how fuzzy programming techniques can be employed to handle the general problem of multinational cash flow netting. We also provide a specific numerical example comparing the results of the crisp and fuzzy contexts with the aid of sensitivity analysis.

This paper aims to present a reverse engineering (RE) approach for three-dimensional (3D) model reconstruction and fast prototyping (FP) of broken chess pieces.

A case study involving a broken chess piece was selected to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed unconventional RE approach. Initially, a laser 3D scanner was used to acquire a (non-uniform rational B-spline) surface model of the object, which was then processed to develop a parametric computer aided design (CAD) model combined with geometric design and tolerancing (GD&T) technique for evaluation and then for FP of the part using a computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine.

The effectiveness of the proposed approach for reconstruction and FP of rotational parts was ascertained through a sample part. The study demonstrates non-contact data acquisition technologies such as 3D laser scanners together with RE systems can support to capture the entire part geometry that was broken/worn and developed quickly through the application of computer aided manufacturing principles and a CNC machine. The results indicate that design communication, customer involvement and FP can be efficiently accomplished by means of an integrated RE workflow combined with rapid product development tools and techniques.

This research established a RE approach for the acquisition of broken/worn part data and the development of parametric CAD models. Then, the developed 3D CAD model was inspected for accuracy by means of the GD&T approach and rapidly developed using a CNC machine. Further, the proposed RE led FP approach can provide solutions to similar industrial situations wherein agility in the product design and development process is necessary to produce physical samples and functional replacement parts for aging systems in a short turnaround time.

With the expansion of school resource officer programs and the increased use of harsh disciplinary measures in schools, there is a growing concern that school safety measures are contributing to the school-to-prison pipeline, particularly in already disadvantaged schools. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between social and educational disadvantage in schools and the roles and functions of school resource officers. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Using the School Survey on Crime and Safety (2006), this paper utilized structural equation modeling to investigate to what extent, if any, does social and educational disadvantage in schools influence the roles and functions of school resource officers.

Findings suggest that school resource officers assigned to schools with greater levels of social and educational disadvantage perform more law enforcement-related functions, while school resource officers assigned to schools with less social and educational disadvantage perform more education-related functions.

There is a lack of empirical literature on the specific roles and functions of school resource officers and whether or not the varying levels of social and educational disadvantage can predict how school resource officers are utilized. The current study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining how the social and educational disadvantage of schools predicts the roles and functions of school resource officers.

Notes that workplace violence is increasing, and new structures and policies that focus on preventing employee violence are necessary. Concern over the danger of violence on the job creates a new challenge for supervisors in all fields. There is no reason to panic; however, there is just cause for prudent action to increase safety and decrease the likelihood of any violent eruption in the workplace. Preventive measures include early identification of problems, decreasing the risk of disputes and thoughtful policies on handling stressful situations. Crisis preparedness requires tough self‐assessment and tougher trade‐offs, but the pay‐off is clear. Creating systems that defuse the time bombs of stress and violence on the job is an investment in peace of mind for employers and workers alike.

The Commission appointed jointly by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization continues to plod its weary way towards the establishment of Codex standards for all foods, which it is hoped will eventually be adopted by all countries, to end the increasing chaos of present national standards. We have to go back to 1953, when the Sixth World Health Assembly showed signs of a stirring of international conscience at trends in food industry; and particularly expressed “the view that the increasing use of various chemical substances had … , created a new public health problem”. Joint WHO/FAO Conferences which followed initiated inter alia international consultations and the setting up of the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission.

In recent years, the frequency and severity of cybersecurity incidents have prompted customers to seek out specialized insurance products. However, this has also presented insurers with operational challenges and increased costs. The assessment of risks for health systems and cyber–physical systems (CPS) necessitates a heightened degree of attention. The significant values of potential damages and claims request a solid insurance system, part of cyber-resilience. This research paper focuses on the emerging cyber insurance market that is currently in the process of standardizing and improving its risk analysis concerning the potential insured entity.

The authors' approach involves a quantitative analysis utilizing a Likert-style questionnaire designed to survey cyber insurance professionals. The authors' aim is to identify the current methods used in gathering information from potential clients, as well as the manner in which this information is analyzed by the insurers. Additionally, the authors gather insights on potential improvements that could be made to this process.

The study the authors elaborated it has a particularly important cyber and risk components for insurance area, because it addresses a “niche” area not yet proper addressed in specialized literature – cyber insurance. Cyber risk management approaches are not uniform at the international level, nor at the insurer level. Also, not all insurers can perform solid assessments, especially since their companies should first prove that they are fully compliant with international cyber security standards.

This research has concentrated on analyzing the current practices in terms of gathering information about the insured entity before issuing the cyber insurance policy, level of details concerning the cyber security posture of the insured entity and way such information should be analyzed in a standardized and useful manner. The novelty of this research resides in the analysis performed as detailed above and the proposals in terms of information gathered, depth of analysis and standardization of approach made. Future work on the topic can focus on the standardization process for analyzing cyber risk for insurance clients, to improve the proposal based also on historical elements and trends in the market. Thus, future research can further refine the standardization process to analyze in more depth the way this can be implemented and included in relevant legislation at the EU level.

Proposed improvements include proposals in terms of the level of detail and the usefulness of an independent centralized approach for information gathering and analysis, especially given the re-insurance and brokerage activities. The authors also propose a common practical procedural approach in risk management, with the involvement of insurance companies and certification institutions of cyber security auditors.

The study investigates the information gathered by insurers from potential clients of cyber insurance and the way this is analyzed and updated for issuance of the insurance policy.

The Regulations prescribing minimum meat content of a wide variety of meat products, for which we have been patiently waiting several years, will soon be with us and merge with the broad current of legislation controlling the quality of food. Even the plebeian sausage, living in sin all these years, may soon be legitimately wedded to a respectable meat content. It is interesting to note that the Food Standards Committee reported on sausages as long ago as 1956. Canned Meat and Meat Pies were reported on in 1962 and 1963 respectively and the Government's new proposals for regulations for these take into account the comments of interested parties. The present proposals lay down minimum standards of meat content for meat pies, uncooked meat pies, Scottish pies and meat and vegetable pies; for all types of canned meat except those which make clear that meat is not the major ingredient; and for all sausages, including frankfurters, liver sausage and black puddings, for meat with cereal and meat with jelly products; and in each class of meat product there are labelling and advertising provisions. So, at long last, it would seem that the unflagging efforts of all those engaged in food administration, especially the work of the Food Standards Committee, have borne fruit.