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The purpose of this study is to synthesise the available peer-reviewed literature on the impact of time out of cell (TOOC) and time in purposeful activity (TIPA) on adverse mental outcomes amongst people in prison.

The outcomes of interest of this literature review were mental health, suicide, deliberate self-harm (DSH) and violence. Exposures of interest were TOOC, TIPA or a partial or indirect measure of either. In total, 14 studies were included. An abbreviated review methodology was used because of time constraints.

There was consistent evidence of an association between lower TOOC and TIPA and worse mental health and higher suicide risk. Limited evidence suggests a link between TOOC and DSH. No evidence was identified regarding the relationship between TOOC/TIPA and violence.

A lack of longitudinal studies prevents conclusions regarding causality. Significant heterogeneity of mental health outcomes limits the comparability of studies.

These findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of TOOC and TIPA on adverse mental outcomes for prisoners when designing prison regimes, including during urgent adaptation of such regimes in response to Covid-19. They are likely to be of interest to practitioners and policymakers concerned with prison regime design.

This paper is the first to synthesise the existing literature on the impact of TOOC and TIPA on mental health outcomes.

The ECU safety system is such that all internal and external fault monitoring circuit outputs are consolidated and passed through a short time‐constant filter to eliminate transient effects. Once this signal appears a 500mS time‐out is started. At the end of this period a lane changeover is initiated together with a cockpit fault warning. If the fault condition is removed during the time‐out period, it is reset.

The user interface, in broad terms, is the medium through which the user and the information come together. The types of searches a public access catalog (PAC) can perform are defined by the indexing strategy and retrieval software. The way the user's interest is communicated to the retrieval software and the way the results are communicated to the user is, by a more narrow definition, the interface software. Both the kinds of searches that can be performed by a variety of CD‐ROM PACs and how their workstations are used to accomplish the searches are considered.

The principles of management enshrined in innumerable texts have been developed in the crucibles of business practice through the ages when there was at least some confidence in the predictability of events. Globalisation of production, processing and distribution, facilitated by the 7/24 dissemination of information has confused predictability. One outcome, the critical element of management survival today, is the effectiveness of a continuous creative response to a sequence of challenge, adaptation and learning arising from ever‐changing circumstances. It will call for a more holistic consideration of organisational effectiveness. Initially, this suggests a look at where power now lies, how it can be exercised, and at the dependencies thus created. In the essential quest for cost saving and innovation, it should come as no surprise in these days of performance‐based pay that the matter of reward for special effort will be raised. It cannot be overlooked that poor performance will be inevitable if good performance is not recognised. “Uncertain” describes the future and people are being more cautious in moving towards it. Time out! will give a pause to reflect.

The purpose of this paper is to describe Bank of America Merrill Lynch's returning‐talent program, introduced as the company wanted to find a way to tap into the talent pool of people who have taken time out of work to care for family members.

The paper explains the reasons for the program, the form it takes and the results it has achieved.

The paper reveals that, as a lack of confidence can be a barrier for mothers returning to work, the bank wanted a program, which helped them to realize that their previous experience is valuable and relevant. It also wanted mothers to embrace the new skills they have likely acquired, as running a family and home combines many management, budgeting and often diplomacy skills.

The paper explains that the three‐day workshop helps participants to identify their strengths, motivation and newly‐developed skills; contains exercises to help to develop an action plan for returning to work; and provides practical examples on how participants can hone their CVs and prepare for interviews.

The paper explains that Bank of America Merrill Lynch partnered Mumsnet – the online network run by mothers, for mothers – to publicize the program, which is part of the Mumsnet family‐friendly program for developing and promoting family‐friendly practices in business.

The paper reveals how the bank is helping to put people who have been out of employment for three years or more back in touch with the world of work.

The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the state-of-the-art session identification techniques used in web usage mining (WUM) process in terms of their limitations, features, and methodologies.

In this research, systematic literature review has been conducted using review protocol approach. The methodology consisted of a comprehensive search for relevant literature over the period of 2005-2015, using four online database repositories (i.e. IEEE, Springer, ACM Digital Library, and ScienceDirect).

The findings revealed that this research area is still immature and existing literature lacks the critical review of recent session identification techniques used in WUM process.

The contribution of this study is to provide a structured overview of the research developments, to critically review the existing session identification techniques, highlight their limitations and associated challenges and identify areas where further improvements are required so as to complement the performance of existing techniques.

Families referred to child welfare for maltreatment and neglect are frequently mandated to attend parenting programmes. Evidence‐based parenting programmes (EBPs) are under‐utilised or not delivered with fidelity for this population. The Incredible Years (IY) parenting programme is an EPB that has been proven to reduce harsh parenting, increase positive discipline and nurturing parenting, reduce conduct problems and improve children's social competence. There is also promising preliminary evidence that IY is an effective intervention for families involved in child welfare and for foster parents. This article describes how the updated IY parenting basic programme is delivered with fidelity to this population.

All educators will inevitably face unwanted student behavior that they need to address. A ubiquitous response to unwanted behavior is exclusionary discipline practices, including time-out, office discipline referrals, and suspensions. However, extensive research has demonstrated that these practices are associated with negative outcomes, including increased likelihood of further unwanted behavior, decreased achievement, and racial/ethnic discipline disparities. In this chapter, we provide a preventative alternative to exclusionary practices, school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). SWPBIS is an evidence-based framework for implementing systems to reduce unwanted behavior and increase prosocial behavior, decreasing the need for exclusionary practices.

Are financially illiterate individuals all the same? This study aims to answer this question. Specifically, the authors investigate whether people answering incorrectly and “do not know” to the big five questions about financial knowledge (FK), all identified by previous literature as financially illiterate, are two sides of the same coin, or rather individuals with different socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and whether this leads to different levels of risk of falling victim to financial fraud.

Using a large and representative sample of Italian adults, the authors run both ordered probit and probit regressions to test the determinants of financially illiterate individuals, distinguishing between those answering FK questions incorrectly and those answering “do not know”. The authors also measure the probability of falling victim to financial fraud for the two groups. To check the robustness of our results, the authors run a multinomial regression, a structural equation model and an instrumental variable regression model.

The authors demonstrate that the socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individuals selecting incorrect responses to FK questions are different from those of individuals selecting the “do not know” option. Moreover, the results show that the former are more likely to be victims of financial frauds.

The “one-size-fits-all” approach is not suitable for financial education. It is important to consider socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individuals in order to identify specific targets of education programmes aiming to reduce insecurity and excessive self-confidence as well as to increase objective FK. The study’s findings also identify vulnerable groups to which financial fraud prevention schemes should be targeted.

To date, financial illiteracy has been measured as the sum of incorrect and “do not know” responses given to FK questions. This approach does not allow to observe the socio-demographic and socio-economic differences between people choosing the “do not know” option and those answering incorrectly. The paper aims to overcome this limit by investigating the socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individuals selecting “do not know” and incorrect responses, respectively. The authors also investigate whether the two groups have different probabilities of being victims of financial fraud.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of a broad-scale team resource management (TRM) program on safety culture in a Dutch eye hospital, detailing the program’s content and procedures. Aviation-based TRM training is recognized as a useful approach to increase patient safety, but little is known about how it affects safety culture.

Pre- and post-assessments of the hospitals’ safety culture was based on interviews with ophthalmologists, anesthesiologists, residents, nurses, and support staff. Interim observations were made at training sessions and in daily hospital practice.

The program consisted of safety audits of processes and (team) activities, interactive classroom training sessions by aviation experts, a flight simulator session, and video recording of team activities with subsequent feedback. Medical professionals considered aviation experts inspiring role models and respected their non-hierarchical external perspective and focus on medical-technical issues. The post-assessment showed that ophthalmologists and other hospital staff had become increasingly aware of safety issues. The multidisciplinary approach promoted social (team) orientation that replaced the former functionally-oriented culture. The number of reported near-incidents greatly increased; the number of wrong-side surgeries stabilized to a minimum after an initial substantial reduction.

The study was observational and the hospital’s variety of efforts to improve safety culture prevented us from establishing a causal relation between improvement and any one specific intervention.

Aviation-based TRM training can be a useful to stimulate safety culture in hospitals. Safety and quality improvements are not single treatment interventions but complex socio-technical interventions. A multidisciplinary system approach and focus on “team” instead of “profession” seems both necessary and difficult in hospital care.