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While granting Cowper the full poetic license he is entitled to, prosaically I must observe that it is not the syllables but rather the philogists who pant. They do indeed breathe rapidly in short gasps after they have established each successively deeper level of root connection in pursuit of the etymological purpose of delineating the origin and historical development of words, or of providing an account of any given word. Etymology as so defined I will designate analytic etymology and distinguish from another form of word study, which I shall call reconstructive etymology.

The online database of the second edition of the OED, combined with tools developed at the University of Waterloo, gives researchers a unique opportunity to explore the dictionary in depth and in ways that would either be impossible or too time consuming to contemplate by manual means. However, the OED database is an unusually complex reference text. It makes use of many technical terms and abbreviations, and employs numerous structural and typographical conventions to alert users to elements within entries. The author discusses the history and structure of the OED database as well as tools developed to manipulate the database. Four sample searches are discussed in an appendix to the article.

Those responsible for purchasing reference books for libraries rely to a great extent on reviews that appear in those journals which, broadly speaking, constitute the library press. The idea of a library press, though it is usually identified with a number of periodicals—known either by their brief names, such as The Booklist, or by their initials, LJ, RQ, and WLB, probably should be extended to include such standard “authorities” as ALA's Guide to Reference Books and many of the volumes in Bowker's buying guide series. In these periodicals and monographs, librarians take it upon themselves to express judgments on new books that do in fact have an influence on purchase decisions.

In this chapter, the author explains the three components of Trilogy of Taoist Leadership – responsible business, responsible management and responsible leadership. The concepts of business, management and leadership are defined from multiple angles, including an etymological perspective. The historical origins and evolution of these three areas are explored to provide a comprehensive understanding. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the interconnections among the trilogy's components and illustrates how the trilogy can contribute to the development of sustainable organizations.

Introduction: The word consists of different phonemes, which are interconnected to form a meaningful word, since phonemes as a single phoneme have no meaning, but their union forms the meaning of the word.

Purpose: Since the phonemes in the Albanian language, both vowels and consonants, have contradictions with each other, manage to bring words that have the same etymology but can change during writing. For example, in Gheg dialect – baj; hanë, while in Tosk dialect – bëj; hënë, etc. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to highlight the characteristics of the phonemes of the Albanian language, accordingly the use of phonetic and dialectal elements in the Balkans, before and at present, since these may have implications for economic and industrial strategies.

Need for the study: The Albanian language has a rich vocabulary with standard speech, but its dialects have more words than standard speech. Each dialectal change has required study to see the cause of the change in these phonemes, vowels and consonants.

Methodology: The chapter is focussed on the descriptive method of research. Therefore, the comparison of research approaches has been considered. A quantitative deductive method has been applied for data analyses.

Findings: The results reveal that some of the phonemes undergo changes over time spam. The changes occur in the two dialects of Albania, Gheg and Tosk.

Four Albanian vowels, the phonemes /a/, /e/, /i/ and /u/, come directly from vowels inherited from the Indo-European period; the vowel /o/ is formed by the evolution of long vowels; while the vowels /y/ and /ë/ were found from other vowels in the internal developments of the Albanian language. Whereas nasal vowels were also formed later as internal developments of the language.

Practical implications: The study is important for language researchers and affects the appearance of elements from the field of dialectology and phonetics.