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The modeling cost of the gradient-enhanced kriging (GEK) method is prohibitive for high-dimensional problems. This study aims to develop an efficient modeling strategy for the GEK method.

A two-step tuning strategy is proposed for the construction of the GEK model. First, an auxiliary kriging is built efficiently. Then, the hyperparameter of the kriging model is served as a good initial guess to that of the GEK model, and a local optimal search is further used to explore the search space of hyperparameter to guarantee the accuracy of the GEK model. In the construction of the auxiliary kriging, the maximal information coefficient is adopted to estimate the relative magnitude of the hyperparameter, which is used to transform the high-dimension maximum likelihood estimation problem into a one-dimensional optimization. The tuning problem of the auxiliary kriging becomes independent of the dimension. Therefore, the modeling efficiency can be improved significantly.

The performance of the proposed method is studied with analytic problems ranging from 10D to 50D and an 18D aerodynamic airfoil example. It is further compared with two efficient GEK modeling methods. The empirical experiments show that the proposed model can significantly improve the modeling efficiency without sacrificing accuracy compared with other efficient modeling methods.

This paper developed an efficient modeling strategy for GEK and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in modeling high-dimension problems.

As an Internet fashion brand, HSTYLE has developed into an Internet enterprise with annual sales of 1.5 billion RMB within 10 years, establishing its position as the top industry performer in China. This case studies HSTYLES' innovation in business model and organizational management. HSTYLE's workgroups have achieved the balance of responsibilities and rights in a small team of three members at minimum, while mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of the line managers with the support of public service sector. At the same time, HSTYLE enriches its brand style, establishes a fashion cloud platform, and integrates individual and organizational consumers into its existing fashion design, manufacturing and sales system.

T Education is a leading educational science and technology enterprise in China with technology-driven, talent intimacy and quality leadership as the core development objectives. Since its inception, it has been committed to creating better learning experience for children. As the predecessor of T-education, X-education was founded in Beijing in 2003. At first, it mainly provided after-school math counseling for school-age children. Over the past 10 years, its business has been expanding, covering almost every aspect of school-age education. This case studies accounting issues and business ethics challenges that firms may face when they transform from a single (traditional education) line of business to a multiple channel business.