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The purpose of this paper is to apply a negative gate bias stress in order to study instabilities of threshold voltage in N‐channel power vertical double‐diffused metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field effect transistor (VDMOSFET). Variations in gate oxide trapped charge and interface trap densities are also calculated.

A threshold voltage shift is detected; the oxide and interface trap densities were evaluated based on a direct measurement of the gate to source capacitance and conductance.

Results presented show that the threshold voltage is decreasing with stress time, the capacitance and conductance curves are altered by applied stress, also the oxide traps and the interface traps densities are increasing with stress time.

The positive bias stress seems to be more destructive in the case of the studied devices.

This chapter focuses on the anti-European stance as it unfolds in Marine Le Pen’s and Jean-Marie Le Pen’s discourses. As most far-right parties in Europe, both politicians focus on the notion of freedom and national sovereignty, asserting a strong anti-European Union stance; however, they construct their anti-European momentum by playing on different strategies and emotions. By using corpus linguistics tools, the present study examines and analyses the discourse of both politicians in interviews and debates. It concludes that if they share most issues on which they base their political agenda such as the fear of increasing immigration because of the Schengen’s agreement, they differ as regards the ways they discursively address the same issue. Marine Le Pen relies more on a constructive/rational stance, by focusing on facts and figures as well as on solutions, while moving away from the strong and negative emotions which her father constantly used mainly as provocation strategies. This may have helped her build a favourable political momentum as witnessed in the 2014 European elections.