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With specific big-data mining worked on 61,522 firm announcements, we discovered a diverse Employee Share Ownership Plan (ESOP) model in China, called “Core-Staff-Based ESOPs.” Distinct from standard broad-based or executive-based ESOPs, these specific targeted-broad-based ESOPs require the qualification for participants, involving the participation of senior executives, directors at the middle level and any other employees that make particular contributions to firms. We take on the challenge to analyze ESOP mechanism, firm characteristics and performance in the view of organizational ecology and resource-based choice-making, and explore which factors have influenced the ESOP development in China.

We utilize a combination of approaches including qualitative and quantitative methods, and construct the main database of 117,767 firm-quarter data.

Firstly, based upon our institutional research, we find no coercive mechanisms that force all the Chinese listed firms to implement ESOPs since 2005. Secondly, our binary logistic regressions identify ESOP firms’ specific properties significantly distinct from non-ESOP firms, and draw profiles for these ESOP firms. Thirdly, our panel regression test results sustain the rational of ESOP mechanism, demonstrating that ESOPs enable Chinese firms to improve performance both in profits and their industry positions. Finally, with further quantitative tests, we find out this ESOP design’s limitations and the heterogenous effects due to China’s environments.

The discovery of Core-staff-based ESOPs contributes a diversity to the standard framework of ESOPs, enhances our understanding of China’s ESOP development, and provides new evidence for ESOP performance.

This study collected the bibliographic data of 2034 journal articles published in 2000–2021 from Web of Science (WoS) core collection database and adopted two bibliometric analysis methods, namely historiography and keyword co-occurrence, to identify the evolution trend of construction risk management (CRM) research topics.

CRM has been a key issue in construction management research, producing a big number of publications. This study aims to undertake a review of the global CRM research published from 2000 to 2021 and identify the evolution of the research topics relating to CRM.

This study found that risk analysis methods have shifted from simply ranking risks in terms of their relative importance or significance toward examining the interrelationships among risks, and that the objects of CRM research have shifted from generic construction projects toward specified types of construction projects (e.g. small projects, underground construction projects, green buildings and prefabricated projects). In addition, researchers tend to pay more attention to an individual risk category (e.g. political risk, safety risk and social risk) and integrate CRM into cost, time, quality, safety and environment management functions with the increasing adoption of various information and communication technologies.

This study focused on the journal articles in English in WoS core collection database only, thus excluding the publications in other languages, not indexed by WoS and conference proceedings. In addition, the historiography focused on the top documents in terms of document strength and thus ignored the role of the documents whose strengths were a little lower than the threshold.

This review study is more inclusive than any prior reviews on CRM and overcomes the drawbacks of mere reliance on either bibliometric analysis results or subjective opinions. Revealing the evolution process of the CRM knowledge domain, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the CRM research and benefits industry practitioners and researchers.

Over the past two decades, the construction sector has experienced a surge in projects fueled by substantial government investment in infrastructure. However, amid this growth, the industry grapples with persistent challenges. Meeting project deadlines and budgets remains a struggle, impacting the industry’s credibility. Therefore, this research intends to investigate the idea of lean construction in the construction sector and look at the obstacles facing the construction industry in implementing lean construction strategies.

The insights presented here result from content analysis performed on 206 articles, while the metadata analysis is based on 891 publications.

This study highlights numerous important characteristics that influence an organization’s capacity to accomplish lean construction using a systematic literature review approach.

For forthcoming research seeking validation, utilizing a mixed-method approach could prove advantageous. Yet, it is crucial to recognize the constraints of the present study, primarily centered on the scope of the literature review.

This assessment will enhance comprehension of the lean construction concept, potentially encouraging the adopting of lean construction practices. Moreover, it could provide insights into effectively applying these methods in practice.

The literature review highlights the necessity for organizations to identify and address potential challenges they might encounter in implementing lean construction. An essential step in overcoming these obstacles involves exploring the concept of lean construction within the sector and assessing the hurdles constraining the implementation of lean construction strategies in the construction industry.