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This study aims to clarify the process of students' discussion in a problem-solving lesson developed autonomously by a teacher. It is expected to contribute to the accumulating and theorizing of teachers' professional development in school-based curriculum studies.

A transcript-based lesson analysis (TBLA) was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods. The data were from a third-year junior high school social studies lesson in which whole-class discussions took place. The frequency of the appearance of keywords in the utterances was represented in the form of cumulative relative frequency graphs, and a diagram of the students' discussion process was drawn based on them.

The diagram confirmed the frequent occurrence, disappearance and transmission of keywords in the process of the lesson. The interpretation of the lesson transcript revealed that the students listened carefully to others' utterances, shared important keywords and examined the ideas critically. They were supported in identifying the connections between their interests by the teacher. The students' interactions and teacher's interventions were facilitated by the integrated curriculum design of teaching and learning.

This study verifies that students' collaborative and critical learning takes place in a lesson developed by a teacher based on the practiced curriculum. The findings of this study suggest that lesson study (LS) focusing on the words in utterances provide clues for evaluating the practiced curriculum and reveal the teacher's professional development.

The purpose of this paper is to develop bansho analysis as a research method to improve observation and analysis of instruction in lesson study, which could potentially visualise pupils’ thinking processes in a lesson.

The paper opted for a qualitative method of case study analysis. Data are drawn from a Year 6 Japanese Language lesson of a Japanese primary school. Data collection and data analysis are informed by transcript-based lesson analysis. The process of bansho formation is also reproduced based on video and audio data.

Bansho analysis illustrates three main patterns of pupils’ thinking processes, namely, variation of ideas, connection of ideas and attention to ideas. Pupils’ opinion sharing at the beginning of the lesson led to a variety of ideas and they were recorded as part of bansho. There, pupils proceeded to establish connection among ideas. Finally, pupils displayed attention to ideas which were recorded on bansho, by returning to ideas that intrigued them.

There is a need to investigate the teacher’s role in bansho formation processes in order to develop a more comprehensive bansho analysis method. Other teaching and learning materials such as lesson plans and pupils’ notes should also be included in the study of bansho to develop a more comprehensive bansho analysis.

Bansho analysis proposed in this paper allows educators and researchers to study bansho with visualisation of bansho-related data. It would serve as an invaluable source of evidence during the observation and reflection stage of lesson study cycle.