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The aim of this study is to examine the relationships among hotel employees’ creative self-efficacy, co-creation and new service development moderated by collective efficacy in the context of social exchange theory (SET).

Data were collected by using questionnaire from the frontline employees working in hotels in Pakistan. A total of 220 employees participated in the survey. Structural equation modeling has been used.

Results show that employees’ creative self-efficacy enhances co-creation and helps in new services development. Moreover, collective efficacy moderates the relationship between individual employees’ creative self-efficacy and co-creation.

Hotel managers should focus on building employees' self-efficacy beliefs to enhance their motivation and performance in new service development. Moreover, they should establish platforms for co-creation with customers, involving them in idea generation, feedback and testing, to ensure new services meet customer needs and increase their adoption.

Earlier literature has examined the co-creation and new service development from various perspectives, largely ignoring the social exchange theory. This is the pioneering study that examines these relationships through the lens of social exchange theory. Moreover, most of the literature has analyzed the co-creation separately, i.e. either employees’ co-creation or customers’ co-creation. To understand the phenomenon of co-creation in depth it is believed that co-creation should be analyzed from both these aspects. Therefore, this study examined this phenomenon by including employees’ as well as customers’ co-creation for better understanding. Moreover, the group influence is examined in explaining the new service development through collective efficacy. Therefore, this study is unique in explaining the co-creation and new service development from various angles.

The aim of the study is to test the integrated model involving work stress, office clutter and employee performance with the moderating roles of training and self-discipline (SD) after the re-opening of the banks after the COVID-19 wave.

The study used 333 respondents from banking industry, whose responses were recorded using a closed ended questionnaire. The authors used partial least square path anaysis to analyze the data.

Work stress significantly increases office clutter, which harms the employees’ performance. Moreover, SD and training significantly improve employees’ performance by reducing work stress and thereby office clutter. There are various mechanisms through which both these factors reduced stress and office clutter.

The employee’s performance can be enhanced with lower levels of office clutter. The office clutter can be managed through having lower levels of stress and providing people with training and inculcating SD among them. A greater understanding of the factors that count toward office clutter might help bank managers and employees to address the issues related to their performance.

The authors have proposed a new framework involving conservation of resources theory for the employees’ performance. They posit employees’ performance is an organizational resource, which can be conserved as well as enriched both by employers and employees through their own contribution.

This paper aims to examine the mediating role of environmental concern in the relationship of green purchase awareness and purchasing behavior of fast food consumers keeping in view the theory of planned behavior.

A quantitative, cross-sectional design is used by collecting primary responses through a validated questionnaire. In all, 1,008 male and female buyers of fast food were sampled. Structural equation modeling is applied.

The results revealed that green purchase awareness has a positive relationship with green purchase behavior, and environmental concern has no mediation in the relationship. Upon having awareness, the respondents adopted green or pro-environmental behavior, but at the same time, they were found having least concern for the protection of environment.

This is a cross-sectional study with questionnaire. Multiple sources of data collection results in weakening self-reporting bias.

Implications count toward individuals, enterprises and society at general.

The study highlights the issue of not having concern for the protection of the environment even after having green purchase awareness. This is the first time the environmental concern is examined as a mediator in the selected relationship. The contradictory results of having no environmental concern differentiate this study from others.

The aim of this paper is to examine the factors that lead to either success or failure of small firms in Pakistan.

This study methodology is a survey research applying the Lussier Model of business success and failure with a sample of 143 small businesses to better understand the reasons of their success or failure using logistic regression statistical analysis.

Results indicate that business planning, proper employee staffing, adequate capital inflows and partnerships are important for the viability and success of small businesses in Pakistan.

Results provide further support for the validity of the Lussier Model in Pakistan and globally. Thus, small business owner/managers can use the model to help improve their chances of success and to avoid failure. Other stakeholders, including parties that assist and advise them, investors and institutions who/that provide them with capital and other resources and communities and society by and large, can also benefit from this model. The results and discussion also provide information to assist public policymakers in developing programs to support small business development.

This is the first study on success and failure of small businesses in Pakistan. With the great discrepancy in the literature as to which variables, in fact, distinguish success from failure, there is no accepted theory. Thus, this study contributes to the literature to better understand why some businesses succeed and others fail, and it supports the use of the Lussier Model globally.