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The purpose of this paper is to review cases of artificial reefs built through additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and analyse their ecological goals, fabrication process, materials, structural design features and implementation location to determine predominant parameters, environmental impacts, advantages, and limitations.

The review analysed 16 cases of artificial reefs from both temperate and tropical regions. These were categorised based on the AM process used, the mortar material used (crucial for biological applications), the structural design features and the location of implementation. These parameters are assessed to determine how effectively the designs meet the stipulated ecological goals, how AM technologies demonstrate their potential in comparison to conventional methods and the preference locations of these implementations.

The overview revealed that the dominant artificial reef implementation occurs in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Seas, both accounting for 24%. The remaining cases were in the Australian Sea (20%), the South Asia Sea (12%), the Persian Gulf and the Pacific Ocean, both with 8%, and the Indian Sea with 4% of all the cases studied. It was concluded that fused filament fabrication, binder jetting and material extrusion represent the main AM processes used to build artificial reefs. Cementitious materials, ceramics, polymers and geopolymer formulations were used, incorporating aggregates from mineral residues, biological wastes and pozzolan materials, to reduce environmental impacts, promote the circular economy and be more beneficial for marine ecosystems. The evaluation ranking assessed how well their design and materials align with their ecological goals, demonstrating that five cases were ranked with high effectiveness, ten projects with moderate effectiveness and one case with low effectiveness.

AM represents an innovative method for marine restoration and management. It offers a rapid prototyping technique for design validation and enables the creation of highly complex shapes for habitat diversification while incorporating a diverse range of materials to benefit environmental and marine species’ habitats.

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the continuance intention to use personal cloud storage services among Generation Y.

A quantitative online survey was carried out to collect data from 271 respondents. Structural equation modelling with SmartPLS 4.0 software was used to run the analysis and examine the hypothesized relationships in the research model.

The study revealed that both satisfaction and habit exert a significant influence on continuance intention, whereas self-efficacy does not demonstrate a significant effect. In addition, satisfaction was found to be influenced by confirmation, perceived usefulness and perceived security. Furthermore, confirmation and cloud storage service quality were found to impact perceived usefulness, while confirmation also had an effect on perceived security. However, the hypothesized moderating role of perceived privacy risk in the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived security and satisfaction was not supported.

This study advances the field by adapting an expanded expectation-confirmation model that delineates the nuanced impacts of habit, user satisfaction and self-efficacy on Generation Y’s continuance intention to use personal cloud storage services. It challenges the conventional wisdom regarding self-efficacy’s influence on technology adoption, offering a more intricate portrayal of its role. This research contributes a distinctive theoretical perspective, emphasizing the complex interplay of factors that inform sustained user engagement with cloud technologies.