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Introduction: The word consists of different phonemes, which are interconnected to form a meaningful word, since phonemes as a single phoneme have no meaning, but their union forms the meaning of the word.

Purpose: Since the phonemes in the Albanian language, both vowels and consonants, have contradictions with each other, manage to bring words that have the same etymology but can change during writing. For example, in Gheg dialect – baj; hanë, while in Tosk dialect – bëj; hënë, etc. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to highlight the characteristics of the phonemes of the Albanian language, accordingly the use of phonetic and dialectal elements in the Balkans, before and at present, since these may have implications for economic and industrial strategies.

Need for the study: The Albanian language has a rich vocabulary with standard speech, but its dialects have more words than standard speech. Each dialectal change has required study to see the cause of the change in these phonemes, vowels and consonants.

Methodology: The chapter is focussed on the descriptive method of research. Therefore, the comparison of research approaches has been considered. A quantitative deductive method has been applied for data analyses.

Findings: The results reveal that some of the phonemes undergo changes over time spam. The changes occur in the two dialects of Albania, Gheg and Tosk.

Four Albanian vowels, the phonemes /a/, /e/, /i/ and /u/, come directly from vowels inherited from the Indo-European period; the vowel /o/ is formed by the evolution of long vowels; while the vowels /y/ and /ë/ were found from other vowels in the internal developments of the Albanian language. Whereas nasal vowels were also formed later as internal developments of the language.

Practical implications: The study is important for language researchers and affects the appearance of elements from the field of dialectology and phonetics.