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In Japan, various government authorities and public housing corporations built a huge number of dwellings for rent to reconstruct war-damaged cities and to accommodate the high concentrations of population in urban areas in the mass-housing era between 1955 and 1973. Approximately 40% of all public residential buildings for rent in Japan were constructed in the latter mass-housing era (1965-1973). These are four- or five-story reinforced concrete buildings whose building frames are sufficiently strong to withstand several decades' more use but whose interior finishings and functional systems are deteriorating. Although these houses were originally designed for nuclear families, they are now considered too small to accommodate more than three residents. There is growing demand for renovation of deteriorating public residential buildings for rent. Dwelling units of such deteriorating buildings are often enlarged by constructing extensions or by removing sections of existing partition walls and installing new partition walls. In recent years, several local authorities have started to add new elevator towers to residential buildings for the increasing number of aged residents. We have studied these regeneration projects in detail by conducting questionnaires at 60 public housing corporations and hearing investigations at 6 corporations. This paper describes the actual status of the regeneration of deteriorating public multi-unit residential buildings for rent in Japan.