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The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the internationalizing firm accumulates knowledge from different domains throughout time, during entry and post-entry moves in a foreign market. This paper focuses on market, institutional, internationalization and technological knowledge.

The paper uses a comparative case study method, relying on three longitudinal cases of multinational firms' (MNEs) internationalization processes, particularly concerning MNEs' entry and post-entry moves in one foreign market (Brazil).

Throughout the internationalization processes, the internationalizing firms unevenly developed experiential knowledge within Brazil. As a result, the market, internationalization, institutional and technological knowledge followed different accumulation patterns, distinguished based on precedence, simultaneity and speed. More specifically, (1) the market and institutional knowledge trajectories evolved simultaneously; (2) the market knowledge trajectory preceded that of technological knowledge and (3) the accumulation of internationalization knowledge happened faster than that of the market, institutional and technological knowledge.

This paper shows how knowledge accumulation in internationalization processes varies throughout time and according to the type of knowledge involved. While most of the literature relies on cross-sectional studies that discount the changing nature of knowledge, this paper shows that the internationalizing firm accumulates market, internationalization, institutional and technological knowledge following three temporal dimensions: precedence, simultaneity and speed.

This study concerns the attendance motivations for cultural services based on the audience’s level of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to define the role played by general knowledge (e.g. cultural education) and specific knowledge (e.g. communication around a cultural product) in the attendance motivation trajectory of a cultural service.

The study uses in-depth interviews with 20 visitors to two public theatres, one in Belgium and one in France.

The results identify a tripartite motivation in the decision to attend a performance, corresponding to four visitor segments defined according to their level of general and specific knowledge.

The recommendations arising from the study are that potential audience members be targeted according to their particular profile and that their cultural tastes be developed by raising their level of general knowledge, an element that goes beyond the suggested motivation trajectory.

The purpose of this paper is to argue for the institutionalisation of emergent forms of organisation in health and social care and offer a conceptual framework for this purpose.

Drawing on ethnographic research on the organising work of nurses and Translational Mobilisation Theory, this paper extends two classic Straussian sociological concepts – illness trajectory and articulation work – to conceptualise emergent organisation as Care Trajectory Management.

Failures of coordination are well-recognised threats to quality and safety and recent decades have witnessed an explosion of neoliberal technologies and governance arrangements designed to “measure and manage” these risks. Yet in a significant and growing proportion of health and social care provision successful service integration depends not on rational planning, but iterative negotiations and adjustments in response to contingencies. While ubiquitous in health and social care systems, these emergent forms of organisation lack legitimacy, the work involved is relatively invisible and practice is poorly served by prevailing management discourses.

The Care Trajectory Management Framework provides an alternative discourse and logic on which to develop strategies and technologies to support emergent organisational processes in acute and community care contexts.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a quantitative method for identifying multiple and hierarchical knowledge trajectories within a specific technological domain (TD).

The proposed method as a patent-based data-driven approach is basically based on patent classification systems and patent citation information. Specifically, the method first analyzes hierarchical structure under a specific TD based on patent co-classification and hierarchical relationships between patent classifications. Then, main paths for each sub-TD and overall-TD are generated by knowledge persistence-based main path approach. The all generated main paths at different level are integrated into the hierarchical main paths.

This paper conducted an empirical analysis by using Genome sequencing technology. The results show that the proposed method automatically identifies three sub-TDs, which are major functionalities in the TD, and generates the hierarchical main paths. The generated main paths show knowledge flows across different sub-TDs and the changing trends in dominant sub-TD over time.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed method is the first attempt to automatically generate multiple hierarchical main paths using patent data. The generated main paths objectively show not only knowledge trajectories for each sub-TD but also interactive knowledge flows among sub-TDs. Therefore, the method is definitely helpful to reduce manual work for TD decomposition and useful to understand major trajectories for TD.

Supply chain integration (SCI) dominates supply chain strategy and is receiving increasing academic attention. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the knowledge trajectory and structure of the SCI field.

Based on 3,533 papers extracted from the Web of Science (WoS), this paper adopts the main path analysis (MPA) method to detect three distinct knowledge development trajectories. Coupling-based clustering is combined with MPA to reveal three critical subfields.

The findings show that the definition, content and dimensions of SCI lack unified conclusions. The influencing factors and performance consequences of SCI are long-standing research elements. Building theoretical models and integrated systems and applying blockchain technology to improve SCI are the key research contents. The intertwining of collaboration and SCI cannot be ignored, and the green SCI may be a hot topic in the future.

This study explores knowledge in the SCI field based on the limited literature collected by WoS rather than all published papers. The omissions of some relevant papers and books may exist.

The study methodology provides a framework for similar studies in the future, and the results help researchers to get a comprehensive picture of the knowledge trajectory and structure of the SCI field.

Compared to existing reviews, MPA combines cluster analysis to develop a synthetic framework of the knowledge trajectory and structure in the SCI domain. It contributes to a systematic review of the development of SCI.

Pervasive complementarity among agents, variables and their relations is a strong manifestation of unity in the real world. It is explained in various ways within scientific systems and in alternative ways of viewing resource allocation from that in neoclassical economic theory and its various prototypes. Complementarity among goods, services and factors in neoclassical resource allocation is simply a localized phenomenon. Despite this, bundles of similar goods collect together to re‐establish marginal substitution with other bundles. In systems science, the cessation of complementarity among variables causes the demise of process. Indeed, the most significant influence of economic complementarity is to be found in decision‐making systems. Here strongly interactive ethical principles showing pervasive and strong complementarity reveal themselves. Hence a knowledge‐induced scientific methodology emerges. Yet these scientific dynamic methods that are merely premised on time‐phase, are found to be inadequate in explaining pervasive interactions. Instead, simulation methods reveal important and interesting results premised on the epistemological premise of systemic unity and interactions. We will examine these questions in this paper with respect to the optimal control problem of the calculus of variations, and for multi‐objective decision problems.

The “born global” phenomenon of hi-tech small and medium size enterprises (HSMEs) has been explored over the past 15 years. Until today, too little attention has been paid to intellectual property (IP) in knowledge-related processes, and the business models of HSMEs in their market globalization processes. This chapter aims partly to fulfill this gap by exploring the role of IP in the “knowledge-market” development trajectories involved in becoming global. To present a theoretical background for this topic, this chapter maps the main processes involved in global breakthroughs, as well as a “knowledge-market” framework for the globalization of HSMEs. An empirical study is based on four case-studies representing ICT and biotech companies of Estonian origin: Regio, Icosagen, Skype, and Asper Biotech). Results demonstrate four very different globalization trajectories named Regio, Icosagen, Skype, and Asper Biotech (see Figure 3). All cases are characterized by different types of knowledge accumulation preceding their globalization, and the selection of various business models. The results of the study provide for a better understanding of the strategic options that can be followed during the internationalization process.

Supply chain finance (SCF), which is able to manage financial flows along the supply chains effectively, has received wide attention from all over the world. Faced with the increasing number of outputs, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the SCF development over the past decades effectively, including the hot topics, knowledge diffusion trajectories and structure.

This paper adopts the keyword co-occurrence cluster and main path analysis (MPA) including four types of main paths, studying the historical development of SCF based on 2,233 papers retrieved from Web of Science during 1970–2019.

The results show that: (1) the research focuses on several aspects, including trade credit, supply chain management, procurement, health financing and sustainability, etc. and (2) trade credit financing has been the mainstream and the research focus has shifted from one-level trade credit to two-level trade credit. Recently, there is a trend to use game-theoretic models to find the best solutions for members in the supply chain.

This paper addresses the need to investigate the knowledge evolution in the SCF domain. It provides a framework to study the knowledge diffusion trajectories and structure, which helps scholars to handle thousands of papers effectively and deepen their understanding of the history, present and future trends of SCF development.

The paper presents a virtual design and assembly system (VDAS) developed in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The VDAS is a VR‐based engineering application which allows engineers to design, modify and assemble mechanical products. As a prototype, this system has a knowledge‐based library of standard mechanical fastening parts, so a great deal of work is reduced during the product modeling stage. Besides, product models can be directly inserted or modified with a friendly user interface in the immersive VR environment. In order to reach the target of virtual design and integrate VR and computer aided design, the system adopts the variational design approach, so a product model has not only the geometric information, but also variation information and even assembly match information. Finally, the VDAS has the function of assembly planning, and several interactive manipulations, such as part modification, assembly plan verification and modification, have been realized.

The purpose of this article is to conduct a main path analysis of 627 articles on the theme of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2013 to 2020, to provide a conclusive and comprehensive analysis for researchers in this field, and to provide a study on preliminary understanding of PFSs.

The research topic of Pythagorean fuzzy fields, through keyword extraction and describing the changes in characteristic themes over the past eight years, are firstly examined. Main path analysis, including local and global main paths and key route paths, is then used to reveal the most influential relationships between papers and to explore the trajectory and structure of knowledge transmission.

The application of Pythagorean fuzzy theory to the field of decision-making has been popular, and combinations of the traditional Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making method with other fuzzy sets have attracted widespread attention in recent years. In addition, over the past eight years, research interest has shifted to different types of PFSs, such as interval-valued PFSs.

This paper implicates to investigate the growth in certain trends in the literature and to explore the main paths of knowledge dissemination in the domain of PFSs in recent years.

This paper aims to identify the topics in which researchers are currently interested, to help scholars to keep abreast of the latest research on PFSs.