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Since the shootings at Kent State University (KSU) in 1970, students and activists have held commemorative ceremonies to mark that event. The university ignored that past and decided to build a gym annex covering part of the land on which the National Guard had maneuvered in 1970. Led by the May 4th Coalition, activists sought to persuade the university to change the building's location. The student concern was the preservation of what they viewed as “sacred” ground which would be buried underneath the annex. At the 1977 annual commemoration speakers raised the annex issue and the newly formed May 4th Coalition ultimately occupied the site of the planned building with a tent city. That occupation was forcefully removed, and the university did build the facility where planned. The physical and spatial aspects of the commemoration of the Kent State shootings did, over time, lead the university to take on the responsibility to memorialize that conflict. This paper focuses on two interrelated issues: (1) the efforts of the May 4th Coalition and residents of Tent City to block or move the gym annex and (2) the refusal of KSU for years to recognize the broad significance of the events of May 1970 and their attempt to ignore or bury it.

Where is the Life we have lost in living?Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?Where is the knowledge we have lost in information? Thomas Stearns Eliot.This book is a collection of multi-author contributed research devoted to exploring the synergy of new science-based health-risks approaches, innovative information technologies, and innovation in outcomes research. Time and again we find evidence that logistics of health care delivery calls for innovative approaches in every aspect of intervention, prevention, discovery, and insurance. Without transparency and real-time availability of adequate, multipurpose, reliable, health-risks and outcomes data, the needs of consumer safety, disease management, regulatory research, and targeted discovery will remain poorly equipped for either individual health system quality assurance or nation-wide decision-making. Each chapter in this collection strives to create knowledge by creating adequate data and advancing, at least, one step forward in the relevant field.

The loss of human capital as a result of diabetes from the perspective of the patient and the patient's family is important. Several studies have demonstrated that having diabetes potentially presents employability problems. The increasingly common efforts to measure patients' health-related quality of life may represent a good source of data to enhance our understanding of the impact of diabetes on productivity. Health-related quality of life (HrQoL) is a multidimensional concept that includes physical function, social function, role function, mental health and general health perceptions. Such measurements can make tangible to physicians and patients the benefits of using pharmaceutical innovations. However, studies have shown impairment in the HrQoL occurs most clearly in patients suffering late-stage complications. Since the late stages of disease usually occurs after retirement in type 2 patients (the most common form), the measure of their work productivity may not be relevant under the concept of human capital. Retired patients with physical impairment may require the informal care of working-age family members and friends, or formal care provided by paid caregivers. Thus, in addition to direct measures of work productivity, the impact of diabetes and its treatment may require the measurement of caregivers' productivity. A longer duration of life free from diabetic complications can be expected to result in improved patients' (and their caregivers') HrQoL and work productivity. Thus, we can better appreciate the value of pharmaceutical interventions when we recognize their effectiveness in avoiding or delaying the onset of diabetes complications.

The study considers annual health care utilization and costs associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the autoimmune disease syndrome (AIDS) complex by applying the previously developed disease and disease combination-specific cost of illness methodology. This study documents changes in age-specific mortality rates indicating the decline in age groups “20–39”. We estimate annual economic losses resulting from twenty-four HIV/AIDS-related diseases among the U.S. population to be $18.2 billion. This estimate includes direct medical cost of almost $9.2 billion, 80% of which is compensated by Medicaid. We demonstrate that an add-on therapy with additional mean cost of $7,100 per person per year would be justifiable if it could reduce the risk of progression to AIDS by 19%.

The burnout, stress, and work-life balance challenges faced by teachers have received renewed interest due to the myriad disruptions and changes to K-12 schooling brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Even prior to the pandemic, relatively little was known about teachers' time use outside of the classroom, the blurring of work and home boundaries, and how teachers compare to similar professionals in these regards. We use daily time-diary data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) for 3,168 teachers and 1,886 professionals in similarly prosocial occupations from 2003 to 2019 to examine occupational differences in time use. Compared to observationally similar non-teachers, teachers spend significantly more time volunteering at their workplace and completing work outside the workplace during the school year. On average, teachers spend 19 more minutes working outside of the workplace on weekdays than observably similar non-teachers and 38 more minutes on weekends. The weekend disparity is particularly large among secondary school teachers. This suggests that before the widespread switch to online and hybrid learning necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers were already navigating blurrier work-life boundaries than their counterparts in similar professions. This has important implications for teacher turnover and for the effectiveness and wellness of teachers who remain in the profession.

As more libraries automate for the First time or migrate to more sophisticated integrated systems in a time of fiscal restraint and, in many cases, down‐sized staffing, the ability to automate as many functions as possible (particularly tedious ones, such as database cleanup) would seem desirable. The project described in this article is a good example. If the microcomputer program for cleaning up Kent State University's NOTIS database was not written, the project, which probably should have begun years ago, would still not have been implemented. The solution presented here addresses these key issues realistically, within the confines of the programming resources available within many libraries.

We review past research on the relationship between attributional perceptions, emotions, and workplace aggression and develop a conceptual model that extends this research in two ways. First, we consider the influence of controllability attributions on the type (otherdirected, self-directed, hostile, non-hostile) and likelihood of aggressive responses to negative workplace outcomes and situations. Second, we consider the extent to which discrete negative emotions might mediate these attribution-aggression relationships. Implications for anticipating and preventing workplace aggression based on this conceptual model are discussed.

The U.S. healthcare system is very complex and inundated with many challenges, ranging from escalating healthcare expenditure to increasing prevalence of medication errors. Emphasis on cost reduction and prevention of medication errors has given impetus to the development of computerized information technologies. Advanced technological innovation such as e-prescribing has the potential to improve quality of care, reduce costs and enhance patient satisfaction. Reaping these benefits is dependent on successful diffusion of innovation. This chapter summarizes the current literature covering diffusion of e-prescribing technology with an emphasis on the barriers and facilitators, and strategies to overcome these potential barriers.

This chapter proposes an optimized innovative information technology as a means for achieving operational functionalities of real-time portable electronic health records, system interoperability, longitudinal health-risks research cohort and surveillance of adverse events infrastructure, and clinical, genome regions – disease and interventional prevention infrastructure. In application to the Dod-VA (Department of Defense and Veteran's Administration) health information systems, the proposed modernization can be carried out as an “add-on” expansion (estimated at $288 million in constant dollars) or as a “stand-alone” innovative information technology system (estimated at $489.7 million), and either solution will prototype an infrastructure for nation-wide health information systems interoperability, portable real-time electronic health records (EHRs), adverse events surveillance, and interventional prevention based on targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovery.