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Successful smart cities' implementation will require organisational leadership decision-making competences. The foundation of smart cities is digital technologies; many of these technologies are emerging technologies that require IT skills, which are scarce and will exacerbate the battle for talent between organisations. Filling the talent gap will necessitate global hiring, which has implications for organisational culture, cultural diversity and organisational leadership. Organisational cultural mix is an important contributor to leadership decision-making. However, decision-making is underpinned by trust. Blockchain is an emerging technology that has the potential to engender organisational trust in decision-making and, by extension, in the leadership with the ‘right’ organisational culture. Smart cities will be required to leverage emerging technologies to give business performance a competitive advantage and use emerging technologies’ applications to build a sustainable competitive advantage.

The aim of the present study is to perform bibliometric analysis on available literature on the subject of cultural diversity in the tourism sector. The Scopus database is used to retrieve the research article data and 133 articles were fetched over a period of 33 years (1988–2021). The further analysis is performed using and Biblioshiny tool package of R programming language and VOSviewer. The findings for study not only reveal the trends of publications but also produced the information on most influential authors, journals, and universities which are actively contributing to the subject of cultural diversity in tourism. Various network graphs are also generated using software to draw meaningful conclusions. The present study will not only aid future investigators in understanding the past developments on the subject of cultural diversity in tourism but also help industry professionals in formulating better strategies and tactics keeping in mind the cultural dimension of tourism. The present study is a maiden attempt to perform the bibliometric analysis on the subject of cultural diversity in tourism.

This chapter provided systematic and comprehensive analysis on trawl fisheries management and conservation measures in the Straits of Malacca. Detailed analysis is conducted on Malaysian fishery management framework particularly domestic country's trawl fishery status, legal structure, input-control strategies, ecosystem protection plan, pollution, law enforcement, and complementary measures that designed to reduce and prevent overfishing in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Malacca Straits. Gaps and challenges found in existing trawl fisheries literature are presented followed by recommendations for improvement in the management and conservation of trawl fisheries.