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We offer a new perspective on group affective diversity by introducing the construct of mixed group mood, denoting co-occurring positive and negative mood states between different members of a group. Mixed group mood is characterized by four facets, namely members’ distribution between two positive and negative subgroups, subgroups’ average mood intensity, subgroups’ mood intensity heterogeneity, and individual members’ mood ambivalence. Building on information/decision-making and social categorization/similarity–attraction perspectives, we explore the performance consequences of mixed group mood along these four facets and we discuss implications and directions for future research.

In 1920 Margaret Sanger called voluntary motherhood “the key to the temple of liberty” and noted that women were “rising in fundamental revolt” to claim their right to determine their own reproductive fate (Rothman, 2000, p. 73). Decades later Barbara Katz Rothman reflected on the social, political and legal changes produced by reproductive-rights feminists since that time. She wrote: So the reproductive-rights feminists of the 1970s won, and abortion is available – just as the reproductive-rights feminists of the 1920s won, and contraception is available. But in another sense, we did not win. We did not win, could not win, because Sanger was right. What we really wanted was the fundamental revolt, the “key to the temple of liberty.” A doctor’s fitting for a diaphragm, or a clinic appointment for an abortion, is not the revolution. It is not even a woman-centered approach to reproduction (2000, p. 79).

How can philosophers contribute to the resolution of the current prison crisis in the United States, and what sorts of philosophical work should activists make use of in their efforts to address that crisis? This paper examines two periods of prison reform in the 20th century, to indicate the problematic role that traditional theories of the moral justification of punishment have had in the history of reform effects have played. I argue that moral theories of punishment are not the best vehicle for addressing the prison crisis; the approaches suggested by critical social theory are more promising.

This study employs the concept of emotional ambivalence, in an exploration of the complex emotions experienced by organizational members during organizational change.

The study entailed 37 in-depth interviews conducted in two English housing associations. The interview transcripts, as well as organizational documents and research fieldnotes were subject to thematic and narrative analysis.

The emotions experienced by organizational members during organizational change are inherently ambivalent.

Results show that engaging with organizational members who experience ambivalent emotions in response to change offers an important resource which can be utilized by change managers.

This paper aims to analyse the circumstances where an express, resulting or constructive trust may arise in banking transactions, taking in consideration relevant case law. Bankers in certain situations could become a trustee or a fiduciary in relation to their customers. Emphasis is given on the issue of constructive trust as, after many years of inconsistent case law, a recent decision of the Supreme Court clarifies this controversial issue.

The paper is focused primarily on examining relevant cases and judicial reasoning to identify the circumstances leading to the creation of express, resulting or constructive trust in banking transactions.

In certain circumstances, the banker could become liable as a trustee under equity. An express trust may arise between a banker and a customer in cases where the customer gives the money to the bank to fulfil a specific purpose. Where the bank is not able to fulfil this purpose, a resulting trust may arise and will hold the money as a resulting trustee. There are some exceptional situations, where the bank can be liable as a constructive trustee. An agent who receives benefits in breach of his fiduciary duty holds those benefits on trust for his principal.

Knowledge of the legal position and the circumstances that can lead to the creation of express, resulting or constructive trust is essential for both bankers and their clients to protect their interests. The flexibility of equitable remedies can be used to fill in the gaps or deficiencies in the common law. Clients of banks or even third parties in the case of constructive trust can be in a very advantageous position in circumstances where a trust for their money is created.

The paper takes in to consideration all updated academic papers and modern court decisions. The analysis provided in the paper can be very useful for bankers, their clients and practitioners. The paper clarifies the application of equity law and the creation of trust in certain banking transactions.