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The chapter offers complete details of the latest SGL version particularly suitable for dealing with large security systems and emerging crisis situations. It describes main types of constants representing information, physical matter or both and five very different and specific types of variables operating in fully distributed spaces and even being mobile themselves when serving spreading algorithms. Also given full repertoire of the language operations, called rules, which can be arbitrarily nested and carry different navigation, creation, processing, assignment, control, verification, context, exchange, transference, echoing, timing and other loads. The rules equally operate with local and remote values, process both, matter and distributed networked knowledge, and can express active graph-based patterns navigating, matching, conquering and changing distributed environments. Elementary programming examples in SGL are also provided.

The chapter describes the basics of developed high-level spatial grasp technology (SGT) and its spatial grasp language (SGL) allowing us to create and manage very large distributed systems in physical, virtual and executive domains in a highly parallel manner and without any centralized resources. Main features of SGT with its self-evolving and self-spreading spatial intelligence, recursive nature of SGL and organization of its networked interpreter will be briefed. Numerous interpreter copies can be installed worldwide and integrated with other systems or operate autonomously and collectively in critical situations. Relation of SGT, with capability of holistic solutions in distributed systems, to the gestalt psychology and theory, showing unique qualities of human mind and brain to directly grasp the whole of different phenomena, will be explained too, with SGT serving as an attempt to implement the notion of gestalt for distributed applications.

In this chapter, different security-related examples are shown in SGL dealing with discovery, tracing and analysis of multiple mobile objects, technical or human, in distributed environments. Starting from how overall command and control of a hypothetical missile defence can be automatically managed in SGL by following and supervising the movement of multiple ballistic missiles on their full path from discovery to elimination. Other case is dealing with fully distributed tracing of cruise missiles with complex and tricky routes, which can be effectively chased, analysed and controlled by mobile spatial intelligence spreading through intelligent sensor network. Another one is providing high-level simulation and tracing of multiple objects in outer space to avoid collisions for new vehicles launched, with engagement of scattered space observation sensors integrated under SGT. The chapter also shows how to organize distributed simulation, assistance and control of flow of refugees through international borders.

Understanding the complexities of performance in the world of work is central for advancing science and practice. Pulling from Stagl et al.'s chapter and integrating it with the work of others and our own, we develop and propose a multi-level conceptual model depicting the influences of “distributedness” on system decision making and performance. The tetrahedral model of performance (T-MoP) illustrates how the three levels of capacity (individual, team, and organizational) are influenced by three types of distributedness (geospatial, temporal, and technological), interact with a cultural base, and subsequently lead to performance. The model can be viewed at http://www.jennyburke.com/../../../fig/T-MoP.mpeg.

The chapter relates to advanced management of large distributed dynamic systems in unpredictable and crisis situations. It briefs the DARPA Mosaic Warfare concept and shows its possible expression under SGT together with exemplary solutions for such tasks as grouping of scattered elements into more powerful forces with unified control, and observation and elimination of dangerous elements by collective operation of causal forces around them. Of practical importance may be mosaics-related approaches using massive robotics. It is shown in SGL how easy to assemble teams of UCAVs for intelligent swarming, self-restructuring and observing territory with collection, distribution and impacting of targets discovered. Another SGL scenario organizes automatic fight of aerial swarm with other group/swarm, autonomously and without external control. It is also shown how broken into pieces platoon of unmanned vehicles, due to situations on roads, is self-recomposing into normal platoon chain again, with vehicles symbolically considered as mosaic tiles.

This chapter provides a new theory for organizational leadership in which an organization's leadership, authority, management, power, and environments (LAMPE) are made coherent and integrated. Organizations work best if their LAMPE is coherent, integrated, and operational. The chapter begins by introducing basic concepts, such as structures, processes, process frameworks, task–role matrices, interdependence uncertainty, and virtual-like organizational arrangements. The LAMPE theory is then built upon this base. Leadership is defined as the processes of initiating, enabling, implementing, and sustaining change in an organization. Authority is defined as the legal right to preempt the outcome of a decision or a process. Management is defined in term of its major processes. Power is the control of interdependence uncertainty. When 29 leadership practices are introduced, it is possible to link them to all five of LAMPE's constructs. A number of conclusions are derived, in the form of 36 propositions: 5 dealing with leadership, 5 focusing on leadership requirements matching, 4 relating to leadership effectiveness, 5 dealing with leadership capacity, 4 concerning the benefits of distributed leadership, and 13 linking LAMPE to the theory of the organizational hologram.

The chapter concludes the book, summarizing the investigated main features of world security problems with explanation of their possible solutions under SGT. The developed ideology and technology allow us to convert the whole world into intelligent self-organized supercomputer constantly investigating and adequately reacting on numerous crises and security situations which may emerge any time and in/from any world points. Future plans of this work include: (1) international teaming on the described mosaic concept; (2) distributed interactive simulation of world security problems and situations; (3) reimplementation of SGT on modern platforms; (4) possible SGT embedment into existing and new world security organizations; (5) further investigation and development of distributed holistic management related to gestalt theory; and (6) new international publications and patenting.

The chapter describes main world problems and possible crises during the current transition from liberal to so called post-liberal order, like nuclear war, climate change and technological disruption, where the world should accept new realities and search for new ways to ensure peace and stability. The definition of international security is given along with highlighting the urgency of finding radically new ideas, concepts and technologies for the support of world safety and security. Two main approaches are briefed in this way: the newest DARPA Mosaic Warfare concept, and Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT) being developed for decades with numerous applications, both described in detail in the following chapters. Organization of the rest of the book is also explained.

We introduce a multi-level model of the dependence of interfirm network topologies on the distribution and commonality of information in a network and the information strategies pursued by its member firms. Network topology, information properties of the network, and firm-level action within the network form dynamic, recursive, cross-level relationships – information properties in the network determine firm-level action, which in turn impacts the network topology and information properties. We derive predictions about the kinds of information strategies that firms are likely to adopt and succeed with in different information regimes, and about the kinds and short- and long-run dynamics of network topologies expected under different information regimes. Our model sheds new light on network topologies as a dependent variable that can be explained by network-level information regimes and firm-level information strategies.

The chapter aims at finding in a multitude, diversity and high dynamics of international relations the worldwide appearance of particular spatial patterns that could potentially lead to a nuclear war. It demonstrates how complex international relations might be and how important is to predict and prevent global conflicts with nuclear weapons owned by different countries, also providing the latest data on worldwide distribution of nuclear weapons. The chapter demonstrates how different patterns of relations between countries, which can potentially lead to nuclear conflicts, can be converted into high-level active patterns-scenarios in SGL. These scenarios are then regularly self-spreading and self-matching in parallel and fully distributed mode with worldwide international structures, in order to find the related emerging threats. SGT can also be effectively used for distributed simulation of evolution and spreading of possible world conflicts, nuclear ones including.