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The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the password manager adoption landscape, delving into crucial factors such as performance, trust, social influence, self-efficacy, risk perception, security concerns, enjoyment and facilitating conditions. It also aims to contribute meaningful insights to security product research and practice.

A survey was used to investigate the characteristics of adoption intention for password managers. In total, 156 participants from a public university located in the Midwest region of the USA voluntarily completed the survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to estimate and validate causal relationships and the proposed research model.

Through empirical validation, this study demonstrates that constructs such as social influence, web-specific self-efficacy and perceived risk directly impact trust in password managers. Facilitating conditions and perceived security controls are identified as direct influencers on performance expectancy, deviating from the pathways of the traditional framework. Moreover, the model introduces novel elements crucial for comprehending password manager adoption, including “web-specific self-efficacy” and “perceived security control.”

The paper systematically reviews existing research on password managers, shedding light on crucial factors significantly influencing adoption behavior. By introducing deviations from conventional frameworks and theories, the study emphasizes the innovative nature of its model. It also formulates strategies to catalyze wider adoption and promote effective design of password managers, increasing user engagement rates.