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This study aims at investigating the differential impact of different CSR communication strategies on consumers' brand trust and consequent attitudes and behaviors in the credence goods market.

An experimental laboratory study was conducted to collect data from graduate students (n = 414) from two Chinese universities. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model.

The results show that a dialogical communication strategy, compared to a monological communication strategy, is significantly more effective in increasing consumers' brand trust for credence goods as well as their willingness-to-buy and positive word-of-mouth. The results also confirm the mediating effect of CSR knowledge and the moderating effect of broad-scope trust on the relationship between CSR communication strategies and brand trust.

This study implies that in order to promote consumer trust and supportive behaviors toward brands, managers of companies in credence goods market should consider the increased use of various dialogical CSR communication strategies.

The study is one of the first to verify the impact of dialogical vs monological CSR communication strategies on consumers of credence goods.

Because of the increasingly higher expectations of accrediting organizations, calls for greater accountability from state governments, and students’ demand for an education that prepares them for a career, most hospitality programs are now required to have an effective assessment of learning outcomes process. The increasing popularity of the assessment of learning outcomes process is viewed as highly positive because it can be considered as best practices in higher education. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

This is Part 1 of a two-part article that provides an overview of the justifications for implementing an assessment of learning outcomes process, the steps that were developed by two hospitality programs and the experiences of the two programs during implementation of the seven steps. Part 1 includes foundational principles of the process and the first three of the seven steps.

The steps in a closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process are relatively detailed; however, because of changes in expectations of stakeholders and the requirements of accreditors, they are now mandatory for most hospitality programs. Therefore, the choice is not whether to implement them, but when to implement them. From a competitive standpoint, it is to the program’s advantage to begin as soon as possible. Another factor to consider is that the implementation of an effective closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process will take several years to complete.

This paper is presenting a critical view of one of, if not the most important concepts in higher education, the closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process. Hopefully, the information on the process that is provided and the experiences of the two programs can shorten the learning curve for other hospitality programs.

Because of the increasingly higher expectations of accrediting organizations, calls for greater accountability from state governments and students’ demand for an education that prepares them for a career, most hospitality programs are now required to have an effective assessment of learning outcomes process. The increasing popularity of the assessment of learning outcomes process is viewed as highly positive because it can be considered as best-practices in higher education. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

This is Part 2 of a two-part article that provides an overview of the justifications for implementing an assessment of learning outcomes process, the steps that were developed by two hospitality programs, and the experiences of the two programs during implementation.

The steps in a closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process are relatively detailed; however, because of changes in expectations of stakeholders and the requirements of accreditors, they are now mandatory for most hospitality programs. Therefore, the choice is not whether to implement them, but when. From a competitive standpoint, it is to the program’s advantage to begin as soon as possible. Another factor to consider is that the implementation of a closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process will take several years to complete.

This paper is presenting a critical view of one of, if not the most important concepts in higher education, the closed-loop assessment of learning outcomes process. Hopefully, the information on the process that is provided and the experiences of the two programs can shorten the learning curve for other hospitality programs.

Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.

Introduces a special issue on globalization and the welfare state. Asserts that economic globalization constrains national economic and social policy far more now than ever before, although the level of international trade has not increased that much compared to levels at the beginning of this century. Talks about the political consequences of economic globalization, particularly welfare state retrenchment in the advanced capitalist world. Outlines the papers included in this issue – comparing welfare system changes in Sweden, the UK and the USA; urban bias in state policy‐making in Mexico; and the developing of the Israeli welfare state. Concludes that economic globalization has a limited effect in shaping social welfare policy in advanced capitalist countries; nevertheless, recommends further research into which aspects of economic globalization shape social welfare policy.

With this number the Library Review enters on its ninth year, and we send greetings to readers at home and abroad. Though the magazine was started just about the time when the depression struck the world, its success was immediate, and we are glad to say that its circulation has increased steadily every year. This is an eminently satisfactory claim to be able to make considering the times through which we have passed.

In the year that marks the 50th anniversary of the ending of The Second World War, it is perhaps salutary to remind ourselves of its significance, and how frightful occupation policies were both conceived and operationalised by Nazi academics.

In the tourism industry the rapidly increasing environmental dynamism and the intensity of competition call for constant improvements in Services' quality and pricing. Of the various elements in the tourism Performance bundle, the environment is an important starting point for examining the possibility of strengthening competitive position. Relative weightings of individual environmental pollutants regarding their importance to travel decisions are needed as a basis for decisions about effective countermeasures. An analysis of tourism, traffic and environmental developments, as well as an attempt to evaluate the relative weightings of various environmental impacts, gave the following working hypothesis: Of the various environmental pollutants which are relevant to the tourism industry in the Austrian Alpine region, traffic pollution constitutes the most important problem. The problem was examined with an emphasis on Tyrol, but the results should be largely transferable to the neighbouring areas in South Tyrol, Switzerland and Bavaria. The working hypothesis on the one hand refers to tourism as an industry effected by environmental pollutants, which are caused by both tourism and nontourism production and consumption activities. The pollutants act as impairments on the holiday experience. On the other hand it refers to tourism as a problem causer, with external effects on the non‐tourism and tourism industry. Traffic pollution has a comparatively large influence here too. This tourism‐related causer/effected‐combination for environmental pollution is relevant at both the local and the global level in different. Locally the directly effective aesthetic pollution stands out the most, for instance in the form of noise or damage to the countryside. Globally it's the “big” environmental problems (among other things the hypothesis on global warming), where, of the environmental pollution caused by tourism, traffic pollution makes a dominant contribution. The developed working hypotheses and assumptions about the relative weightings of different tourism‐related environmental pollutants are, due to inadequate data, based on rough estimates. To support them, the working hypotheses need, above all, an improved supply of data specific to the problem, to be collected scientifically with, among other things, more social and scientific research into the subjective problem perceptions of tourists and their reactions in the holiday decision process.

According to Harvard historian Crane Brinton, “…a cynical democracy, a democracy whose citizens profess in this world one set of beliefs and live another, is wholly impossible. No such society can long endure anywhere. The tension between the ideal and the real may be resolved in many ways in a healthy society; but it can never be taken as non-existent” (Brinton, 1950, p. 249).