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In the course of development of human communities towards industrially advanced societies of today, there have been changes not only in economic conditions in the majority of fields of human activity but also in the ways of providing for food, which went hand in hand with changes in living conditions. Large‐scale industrial production has brought about major changes in the way of life of the population. The development of industrial agglomerations results in a growing number of city dwellers, most of whom have no chance of producing foodstuffs of their own in kind. The distance between residential and industrial areas has been growing, the number of employed women has risen considerably. These are but a few factors affecting the way of boarding, particularly in households.

the personal repertoire of skills In Vulcan 2 I established the fact that any physical activity can be seen as a sensori‐motor activity. It was emphasised that it is not merely work and sports skills to which this applies: it also applies to everyday domestic skills such as eating one's food, putting on one's shoes in the dark, washing up and cooking. Every individual has quite an extensive repertoire of skills in this sense, determined by that person's previous history and experience. Quite a lot of what a growing baby has to learn involves the building up of this domestic skills portfolio. Certain skills contained in the domestic portfolio are directly useful in people's jobs: such things as putting nuts on to threads, putting stoppers in bottles, using a screwdriver, scissors or other domestic hand tools, operating taps (faucets), switches and dialled displays.

Securitisation is the process of raising finance by the issuing of bonds or commercial paper. In many cases the originator of the arrangement will, in return, be selling a package of existing loan assets in the form of debt instruments. The first of these arrangements is known as ‘primary securitisation’, the second as ‘secondary securitisation’. There is no generally accepted legal definition, though Feency provides a useful one:

This report is the result of a survey of training officers in the engineering industry undertaken during November and December 1972. At the time of the survey, according to the EITB's grant claim form analysis there were 9000 training officers in the industry, and approximately 6 250 of them were employed in firms with over 250 employees. Just over one half of these were full‐time staff. There is little variation in the distribution of training officers by size of firm. The average is 2.5 per thousand employees with only the smallest size group, that is firms with between 250 and 500 employees, employing more than the average. Eighty‐nine per cent of all firms employing over 250 have at least one training officer. The sector of industry with the largest proportion of training officers, the electronic and electrical goods group, also has the highest number per thousand employees.

Many vegetable drying, semi‐drying, and non‐drying oils and also marine oils have the property of being able to absorb oxygen as such, or from the air, to varying degrees and thereby become thickened and viscous, and soluble in mineral oils, the commercial acceleration of the process being known as “blowing”, giving blown, oxidised and polymerised oils. Thus blown oils are oils that have been agitated vigorously by having a current of air or oxygen passed through them whilst in a heated state, temperatures of the order of 70/120°C being usually involved, such oils having a long history of application. The degree of oxidation of an oil and degree of reduction in unsaturation depends upon the amount of air/oxygen passed through an oil, the length of time of blowing and temperature, and is in direct proportion to the air/oil interface, and whether or not a catalyst is used. Blown oils are characterised chemically by the presence of C‐O‐C links and C‐C links, with useful terminal groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl. The products of the air oxidation in blown oils, whilst still polymeric, etc, in nature, are quite different from those in oils whose properties have been changed by application only of heat and catalysts i.e. heat‐bodied oils, for use in resin and paint manufacture, the former oils containing hydroxy groups, etc., the films of which are less resistant to alkalies and to water. Many oils which show a tendency to “gumming” are free of this defect after blowing.

The support for local initiatives by large organisations has become substantially institutionalised in the UK through Business in the Community. How much further it will go, and how much it will be supported by government, is the subject of debate and conjecture. An overview of how large firms support small and medium enterprise development — the motivations and how they are changing — is provided. The problems in evaluation and a case study of Shell UK Ltd are provided, and future directions, possible shifts and influences are considered.

In debates related to energy poverty, the link to questions of residential segregation remains somewhat peripheral. Because, usually, only energy-poor households are at the focus and residential mobility is not addressed, the interdependencies between households’ energy costs and the residential segregation of cities remain out of sight. Concern that energy efficiency measures could foster socio-spatial segregation in cities has recently emerged in Germany. If only households with higher incomes can afford housing with high energy efficiency standards, whereas low income households tend to choose non-refurbished but, in sum, more affordable housing stock, an increasing concentration of poor households in poor housing conditions would result. German energy efficiency and CO2 reduction policies are relatively insensitive to such questions.

Using survey data from a small shrinking city in Germany, we explore how energy costs are interrelated with residential location decisions and, thus, with segregation processes and patterns. Shrinking cities represent an interesting case because, here, a decreasing demand for housing stimulates residential mobility and paves the way for dynamic reconfigurations of socio-spatial patterns.

We found that energy-related aspects of homes play a role in location decisions. Low income households seek to minimize housing costs in general, paying specific attention to heating systems, thermal insulation and costs. Resulting segregation effects depend very much on where affordable and, at the same time, energy-efficient housing stock is spatially concentrated in cities. These findings should be taken into consideration for future policies on energy in existing dwellings.

Plans are underway for the next 25–50 years in space. The days of “mission control” may be waning. More study and research is recommended on issues of leadership for (a) earth‐based projects in space, and (b) space‐based programmes with managers there of manned or unmanned projects. Large‐scale technical enterprises in space require a new form of macro management. Despite current difficulties associated with the management of the space shuttle, both experiential history and a possible paradigm or demonstrated model of future trends in the general field of management are offered.

Attending professional conferences can be exciting, expensive, time consuming, frustrating, rewarding—and sometimes all of these. Inflation, combined with ever‐tightening travel restrictions in the 1980s, forces many of us to justify fully the time and money spent for professional activities. Conferences, particularly the ALA Annual Convention, can and should be one of the most cost‐effective and professionally rewarding experiences available. It's an ideal way to combine several functions and lessen the cost of each, particularly for those of us interested in building library collections.

THERE WAS A TIME when any self‐respecting British housewife, while scorning the culinary prowess of the French (“Don't they smother everything with sauce so you can't see what it is?) took a modest pride on her ability to turn out good wholesome dishes for her family. She may have been a ‘plain’ cook, but she was eminently good at it.