Understanding lesbian, gay, and bisexual worker stigmatization: a review of the literature

Abstract

Purpose

Stigmatization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people at work is an enduring social problem, yet little is known about how those experiences differ. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the above issue.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a framework of modified labeling, this conceptual paper addresses that gap by reviewing the literature on differences in LGB worker stigmatization by type of sexual orientation identity, outness, sex and gender identity, and education and social class.

Findings

Findings in the literature were that LGB workers are labeled as outsiders, and treated differently in many workplaces. However, there are other distinctions, based upon type of sexual orientation identity (i.e. whether someone is lesbian, gay, or bisexual), sex and gender identity, outness at work, and education and social classes.

Originality/value

Moreover, the paper proposes additional aspects of LGB worker stigmatization needing further empirical study.

Citation

G. Gates, T. and A. Viggiani, P. (2014), "Understanding lesbian, gay, and bisexual worker stigmatization: a review of the literature", International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Vol. 34 No. 5/6, pp. 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-07-2013-0077