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Prelims

Ann M. Brewer (University of Newcastle, Australia)

Careers: Thinking, Strategising and Prototyping

ISBN: 978-1-83867-210-2, eISBN: 978-1-83867-207-2

Publication date: 20 January 2020

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Citation

Brewer, A.M. (2020), "Prelims", Careers: Thinking, Strategising and Prototyping (The Future of Work), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xvi. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-207-220191001

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

Half Title

CAREERS

Series Page

THE FUTURE OF WORK

The future of work is a vital contemporary area of debate both in business and management research, and in wider social, political and economic discourse. Globally relevant issues, including the ageing workforce, rise of the gig economy, workplace automation and changing forms of business ownership, are all regularly the subject of discussion in both academic research and the mainstream media, having wider professional and public policy implications.

The Future of Work series features books examining key issues or challenges in the modern workplace, synthesising prior developments in critical thinking, alongside current practical challenges in order to interrogate possible future developments in the world of work.

Offering future research agendas and suggesting practical outcomes for today’s and tomorrow’s businesses and workforce, the books in this series a present powerful, challenging and polemical analysis of a diverse range of subjects in their potential to address future challenges and possible new trajectories.

The series highlights what changes still need to be made to core areas of business practice and theory in order for them to be forward facing, more representative and able to fulfil the industrial challenges of the future.

Forthcoming Titles

  • Algorithms, Blockchain & Cryptocurrency: Implications for the Future of the Workplace

    Gavin Brown and Richard Whittle

  • Workforce Health and Productivity

    Stephen Bevan and Cary L. Cooper

  • Spending Without Thinking: The Future of Consumption

    Richard Whittle

  • Personnel Selection: Finding the Future of Talent through Science and Technology

    Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, Franziska Leutner and Reece Akhtar

  • Cooperatives at Work

    George Cheney, Matt Noyes and Emi Do

Title Page

CAREERS: THINKING, STRATEGISING AND PROTOTYPING

ANN M. BREWER

University of Newcastle, Australia

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2020

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: permissions@emeraldinsight.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the Author or the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83867-210-2 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83867-207-2 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83867-209-6 (Epub)

Dedication

To my son, remembering the places we went …

Preview

Navigating and nurturing a career is one of the most critical personal and organisational challenges of our time. Here Professor Brewer tackles the issues with insight, intellect and integrity recognising the evolving context of work, skills and fulfilment. Careers provides valuable tools and frameworks for the workforce planner, policy maker and business leader. Significantly, it highlights the imperative for a human centric approach, drawing a distinct and positive parallel between successful career making and city shaping.

Katherine O’Regan, Executive Director, Sydney Business Chamber

Contents

List of Figures and Tables xv
PART I: THINKING CAREERS
1. What is a Career in the 21st Century? 3
Introduction 3
 Career Stakeholders 5
 Careers and Work 6
 Career Perspectives, Context and Structures 7
Themes in Career Thinking 10
The Changing Workforce 12
Work, Working and Workplaces 14
 The Internet of Things 15
 Globalisation 16
 Access to Work 16
The Sociology of Careers 17
 Boundaryless Knowledge 18
Innovation and Careers 20
Career Attributes 21
Is the Notion of Career on its Way Out? 26
Solutionism – A Quick Fix 27
Education – The Problem or Solution? 29
The Way Forward 32
Uncertainty or Certainty: Opportunity or Constraint? 34
Outline of this Book 35
References 37
2. Career Thinking Competence 45
Introduction 45
 Turning Point 46
Career Mindfulness 48
 Reflective Thinking 49
Cultural and Emotional Intelligence 50
 Emotional Stamina 51
Career Purpose 53
 Exploration 53
Career Ambition 55
Career Success 58
Career Failure 59
 Types of Failure 62
 Motivation to Learn through Experienced Failure 63
Career Thinking Perspectives 66
 Developing Reflective Practice for Career Thinking 66
Action-orientated and Guided Learning 72
 Time 73
 Autonomy 73
 Coping Strategies 73
 Emotional Response 74
 Positive Learning Relationships 74
 Creative Self 75
 360 Degree Thinking 75
 Thinking In-Contradiction 76
 Control in Choice Making about Careers 78
 Personal Disruption: Readiness to Overcome Career Adversity 78
Interpersonal Aspects of Careers 79
 Social Skills 80
 Building Trust: A Key to Collaboration 80
 Empathy 81
 Producing Outcomes 83
Well-being and Career Change 83
 Tacit Knowledge 84
Conclusion 86
References 87
PART II: STRATEGISING CAREERS
3. Career Strategising 101
Introduction 101
Career Choice, Transition and Design 102
 Creating Choices or Designing Choices 103
 Decision Making 103
Career Problem Solving 107
 Career Decision Making 108
Why Strategise a Career? 109
 Questioning 111
 Metaphors 111
  Information Processing 114
  Understanding and Knowledge 115
  Metaphors in Use 115
 Imagination 116
 Knowledge and Imagination 118
Scenario Designing 119
Conclusion 122
References 124
4. Design Thinking a Career 131
Introduction 131
Career Designers 133
Design Thinking for Career Development 134
 Human-centric Learning 135
 Applying Design Thinking to Learning: Definition and Principles 136
 Design Learning in Practice 136
 New Career Horizons 138
 People-centred Career Design 139
 Collaborative Career Design 140
 Design Thinking Career – Process 141
  Exercise: What is ‘Your Story’? 141
  Exercise for the Career Specialist 143
Phases of the Career Design Process 145
 Brainstorming 145
 Smart Choices 148
Career Mindset 149
 Nudging Flexible Thinking 151
 Guided Reflection 151
 Action-orientated Learning 154
 Double-loop Learning 156
Mapping a Career Journey for a Person 157
 Phase I 157
 Phase 2 158
Conclusion 162
References 162
PART III: PROTOTYPING CAREERS
5. Career Prototyping: Designing Career through a Self-narrative 171
Introduction 171
Envisioning an Ideal Career through Prototyping 173
 Career Discovery 175
 Progressing the Career Prototype: What Should a Career be? 176
 Identifying Career Gaps in the Market – What is Missing in the Career Market Place Today? 178
 Innovating – What Would a Career Look Like If Participants 178
 Translating Ideas Into Outcomes 179
Divergent and Convergent Thinking 179
Learning Theory and Collaborative Career Building 180
 Career Coaching Exercise 181
Developing a Career Clinic for Career Prototyping 182
Prototyping Workshop 183
A Career Opus Framework 183
 Career Opus Defined 183
Career Vision 184
Personal Career Values 186
Value Propositions for Career People and Designers 187
Collaborative and Individual Career Co-designing 188
 Occupational Analysis – Career Skills, Knowledge and Attributes 190
  Exploring a Personal Profile: Career Strengths and Skills Continuities 190
Career Strengths and Skill Gaps 190
Outcomes of the Prototyping Process 194
Career Specialists Shape Careers 196
Networking Relationships for Building Careers 197
Communication Processes 197
Project and Substance 198
Consequences and Influences 199
Resources 199
Limitations 200
Activities 201
Post-prototype Career Design 202
Conclusion 203
References 203
6. Careers and Corporate Social Responsibility: Questions and a Concluding Note 207
Introduction 207
Defining CSR in an Era of Corporate Disruption 209
Corporate Social Responsibility 211
Corporate Career Citizenship 213
A Career-focussed Enterprise 214
 Career Value Chain Management 215
 A Career Strategy 215
Organisational Learning and the Development of Design Thinking 217
 The Development of Shared Career Knowledge 217
Career-focussed Organisational Culture 219
Conclusion 221
References 221
Index 227

List of Figures and Tables

Chapter 1
Fig. 1 Career Stakeholders. 5
Fig. 2 Capability Continuum in a Period of Career Disruption. 30
Table 1 Work Design Criteria. 22
Chapter 2
Fig. 1 Career Thinking Frames. 68
Fig. 2 A Model of the Empathy Process. 82
Chapter 3
Fig. 1 Career Strategising. 116
Fig. 2 Designing Scenarios. 122
Chapter 4
Fig. 1 Human-centred Co-creation. 135
Fig. 2 A Capability Pathway. 139
Fig. 3a and b. Structuring Career Guidance. 144
Fig. 4 Guided Reflection. 153
Fig. 5 Single-loop and Double-loop Learning Framework. 157
Table 1 Conventional Career Planning with a Design Thinking Approach. 134
Table 2 Phases of the Career Design Process – Macro. 146
Table 3 Phases of the Career Design Process – Micro. 146
Table 4 Qualities of Mindsets. 150
Table 5 Driving Forces and Inhibitors of Change. 159
Table 6 Properties of Persistent Interests. 160
Chapter 5
Fig. 1 Career Discovery through Prototyping. 175
Fig. 2 An Example of Working towards a Career Pre-prototype. 195
Fig. 3 An Example of Working towards a Career Prototype. 196
Table 1 Career Prototypes. 191
Table 2 Career Project Report. 192
Table 3 Storyline Prompts. 194
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