Index
Collective Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary European Services Industries: A Long Term Approach
ISBN: 978-1-80117-951-5, eISBN: 978-1-80117-950-8
Publication date: 11 July 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2023), "Index", Fernández Pérez, P. and San Román, E. (Ed.) Collective Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary European Services Industries: A Long Term Approach (Frontiers of Management History), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-950-820231012
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Paloma Fernández Pérez and Elena San Román
INDEX
Action Sport
, 70
Agreements approach
, 81
Air France
, 78, 81–82, 85
Air Lingus (airlines)
, 88
Airbus industrial project
, 87
Airline Deregulation Act (1978)
, 84
Airlines
, 78
alliances
, 82–83
clusters
, 85
privatization process
, 88
theoretical visions of alliances in airline sector
, 79–82
Alliances as coopetitive strategy of airlines
from flag carriers era to open market
, 82–84
global alliances as coopetitive driver after 1978
, 84–86
Iberia’s alliances, integration into Oneworld alliance and merger with British Airways
, 86–89
theoretical visions of alliances in airline sector
, 79–82
Amadeus (booking software)
, 87
Amateur Athletic Association
, 63
America
Barceló
, 20
Iberostar
, 21–22
landing in
, 19
main characteristics of cluster abroad
, 22–23
MHI
, 20–21
Riu
, 21
American Airlines (AA)
, 88
American College of Surgeons, The
, 52
Americanization
, 48
Analysis process
, 126
Archery
, 67
Association des médecins du canton de Genève (AMG)
, 34
Association of District Councils (ADC)
, 71
Association of Recreation Managers
, 73
Association Suisse d’Assurances (ASA)
, 42
Athletics
, 62
Austrian Airlines
, 88
Autocares Barceló’ transport
, 15
AVIANCA
, 89
Balearic Islands
, 17
Basketball
, 67
Beaulieu Clinic (private hospitals)
, 39
Bilateral agreements
, 83
Bilateral deals system
, 83
Biopharmaceutical industry
, 124
Biotechnology start-ups
, 118
methodology
, 123–124
partner
, 119
results
, 124–129
theoretical framework
, 120
Bricolage approach
, 111
Bricoleurs
, 96
British Airways (BA)
, 88
Iberia’s Alliances, integration into Oneworld alliance AND Merger with
, 86–89
British context Wilson’s National Plan of 1965
, 68
Brittas Empire, The
, 73
Business History
, 12
Business model
, 138
Business services
, 3–4, 9
Cantonal Hospital
, 32, 35–38
dominant position of
, 33–34
Cargill (US company)
, 6
Cargill International company
, 6
Central Council of Physical Recreation (CCPR)
, 63, 65
Central government’s approach
, 67
Charitable hospitals
, 34
Chicago agreements (1944)
, 83
Cleveland survey
, 71
Clinique Générale (private hospitals)
, 39
SA
, 35, 37
Clinique Générale Beaulieu SA (CGB)
, 39, 41
Cluster
, 12
formation process of
, 13
replicating cluster abroad
, 19–23
study of
, 13
Codes
, 78
Collaboration agreement
, 122
Collaborative network
, 154, 163
Collective action
, 160–162
and entrepreneurship
, 155
Collective entrepreneurial process
, 154–155, 165
collective action and entrepreneurship
, 155
collective entrepreneurship, public entrepreneurship, and collective action
, 160–162
findings
, 160
innovation communities and makers community
, 156
methodology
, 157–159
public entrepreneur and maker
, 164–165
public entrepreneurship
, 155–156
public entrepreneurship to collective action for common good
, 162–163
theoretical framework
, 155
Collective entrepreneurship
, 24, 49, 78, 160–162
and development of commodity trading companies in Switzerland
, 4–9
development of Majorca’s Tourism Cluster
, 14–19
landing in America
, 19–23
of medical doctors
, 30–31
network bricolage as form of
, 98
in Spanish Hotel Industry
, 14
Collective innovation projects in Spain
, 154
Collective strategies
, 24
Commercialization alliances
, 125
Commodity traders
, 3–5
Commodity trading companies
, 2–4
Competence-creating
, 138
Compulsory competitive tendering (CCT)
, 70
Conservative government
, 66, 70
Context-embedded organizations
, 14
Control variables
, 142–143, 148
Coopetition
, 24
strategy
, 78
Coopetitive alliances, theory of
, 81
Coopetitive approach
, 81
Coopetitive driver after 1978, global alliances as
, 84–86
Coronavirus makers
, 157, 162–163, 165
community
, 160
lifecycle analysis
, 162
COVID-19
epidemic
, 154
health crisis
, 160, 165
Credit
, 4
Cricket
, 71
Cultural proximity
, 128
Data
, 14
analysis technique
, 143, 157
Dataset
, 141
Decision-making process
, 123, 127
Democratic approach
, 68
Department of Education and Science (DES)
, 68
Deploying strategies
, 78
Deregulation process
, 81
Diffusion of US modern ideas of hospital organization and management
, 55–56
Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS)
, 68
Dissemination in Western Europe before World War II
, 49–55
Dr Tigges (travel agency)
, 17
Dummy variable
, 142–143
Dutch airline KLM
, 88
Eastern Europe
, 53
Easy Jet (low-cost airlines)
, 85
Elite events
, 62
Embeddedness
, 137
Embedding processs
, 110
Entrepreneurial networks
, 12
Entrepreneurial phenomena
, 154
Entrepreneurship
, 12, 154–155
of private medical doctors
, 30
European airlines
, 88
European Commission
, 2
European commodity trading companies
collective entrepreneurship and development of commodity trading companies in Switzerland
, 4–9
role and functions of international commodity trading companies
, 3–4
European economic development
, 1
European flag carriers
, 86
European tour operators
, 24
Expectations
, 126
achievement
, 120
of counterparts
, 123
fulfillment
, 119
External embeddedness
, 137, 139–140
External networks
, 139, 148
Federal healthcare insurance law
, 42
Fencing
, 67
Flag carriers
, 84
to open market
, 82–84
Football
, 71
Football and Community Development Programme
, 70
Football clubs (FCs)
, 62, 69
Football Grounds Improvement Trust, The
, 70
Football League
, 70
Former employees
, 110
Fruit trader, transformation of
, 17–18
Geneva
impact of modern technology
, 32–37
from stable growth to competition
, 37–39
The Heyday of Philanthropy
, 31–32
Geographical proximity
, 128
Global alliances
, 86, 88
Global business
, 9
Global commodity trading companies
, 5
Global One World alliance
, 88
Gourgas Hospital
, 39
Gymnastics
, 62
Harlow project
, 65
Harold Wilson’s Labour government
, 68
Health crisis
, 154
Healthcare
, 30
industry
, 29
system
, 154
Heyday of Philanthropy (1860–1890), The
, 31–32
Historical organization study approach
, 96, 98–99
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG)
, 40
Hospitalization
, 30
Hospitals
, 30, 32
diffusion of US modern ideas of
, 55–56
organization, and accreditation, modern ideas on hospital management
, 49–55
organization and management
, 30
system
, 31
Hub-and-spoke system
, 82
Hybrid entrepreneurship
, 53n9
Hybrid scientific entrepreneurs
, 53
Hypothesis testing, structural model and results of
, 143–148
IAG Group
, 88
Iberia
, 88
bilateral agreements with Air France
, 87
integration into oneworld alliance and merger with British airways
, 86–89
Iberostar
, 21–22
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
, 41
Inbound
, 120
Industrialization process
, 49
Informal communication
, 156
Informal norms and values
, 112
Innovation
, 136
activities
, 138
alliances
, 129
community
, 154, 156
process
, 137
Institutional context, establishing
, 62–64
Intensive Care Units (ICUs)
, 154
Internal embeddedness
, 137, 140, 142
Internal MNC networks
, 136
Internal networks
, 148
International airline market liberalization
, 88
International commodity traders
, 5
International commodity trading companies, role and functions of
, 3–4
International integration process
, 99
International Olympic Committee
, 67
Internationalization
process of MHI
, 20
of Riu
, 21
Interorganizational network
, 137
Interpretation and analysis
, 112–113
Johns Hopkins Hospital
, 54
Johns Hopkins Medical School
, 50
KLM
, 85
Knowledge transfer process
, 48
Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS)
, 136
La Tour Hospital
, 39
Latam
, 89
League Clubs Secretaries Association
, 70
League of Nations, The
, 53
Leisure
, 68
centre creation
, 62–64, 66
leisure-oriented approach
, 72
Liberalization
of commercial aviation markets
, 78
process
, 83
London Stock Exchange
, 42
Low-cost airlines
, 85
Lufthansa
, 85, 88
Majorca’s tourism
Barceló
, 15
business
, 14
cluster
, 25
development of
, 14
growth
, 14
Iberostar
, 18
main characteristics of
, 18–19
MHI
, 17
Riu
, 17–18
Makers community
, 156
Market
, 84
Marketing alliance
, 122
Marshallian economics
, 13
Massachusetts General Hospital
, 51
Measurement model
, 143
Medical innovations
, 57
Medical technology
, 30
Meliá Hotels International (MHI)
, 17, 20–21
Mercy Hospital
, 51
Microhistory techniques
, 98
Modern service economy
, 1
Modern technology (1890–1945)
, 32
impact of
, 32
dominant position of Cantonal hospital
, 33–34
neo-liberalism and growing big business of private clinics
, 39–42
private doctors’ access to new technologies
, 34–35
regulating competition
, 35–37
Multi-sports centres
, 64
Multinational corporation (MNC)
, 136
Multiple indoor activities
, 63
National Advisory Commission of civilian leaders
, 51
National diffusion
, 70–73
National policy
, 68
National Recreation Centres
, 63
National Sports Centre at Crystal Palace
, 65
National system of centres
, 73
Natural resources
, 1
extraction and production of
, 4
global spread of
, 2
transformation process
, 2
Negotiation process
, 127
Neo-liberalism and growing big business of private clinics
, 39–42
Network bricolage
activating and combining ties as social resource
, 110–111
bricolage and entrepreneurial context
, 97
data collection and source reflection
, 107
documentation
, 108–109
findings
, 109
as form of collective entrepreneurship
, 98
historical organization study approach
, 98–99
history of SEUR
, 99–107
identifying social ties at hand
, 109–110
interpretation and analysis
, 112–113
interviews with SEUR partners and top managers
, 107–108
research method
, 98
socially embedded ties as network resource
, 109
sustaining social ties
, 111–112
theoretical framework
, 97
Networks
, 136
approach
, 12
measures of network embeddedness
, 141–142
of relationships
, 25
of scientists entrepreneurs
, 48
socially embedded ties as network resource
, 109
New public management (NPM)
, 70
New York-based Philipp Brothers
, 7
North America
clinics and hospitals in
, 51
medical education in
, 49
Olympic Games
, 62
Olympics
, 62, 67
Oneworld (OW)
, 85, 88
alliance and merger with British Airways, Iberia’s Alliances, integration into
, 86–89
Open skies agreement
, 88
Oral sources
, 14
Outbound
, 120
Pan-European Airbus project company
, 84
Partial least square (PLS)
, 137
Partial least square-SEM approach (PLS-SEM approach)
, 143
Personal protection equipment (PPE)
, 157
Pharmaceutical corporations
, 119, 126
methodology
, 123–124
results
, 124–129
theoretical framework
, 120
Philanthropy, The Heyday of
, 31–32
Philipp Brothers
, 7
Physical Education
, 65
Playa Bávaro hotel
, 20
Policy, sport politics and
, 62
Political neutrality
, 8–9
Private clinics
, 38
neo-liberalism and growing big business of
, 39–42
Private doctors’ access to new technologies
, 34–35
Private philanthropic hospitals
, 32
Privatization process
, 85, 87
Production process
, 2
Professional sports
, 71
Public entrepreneur and maker
, 164–165
Public entrepreneurship
, 155–156, 160–162
to collective action for common good
, 162–163
Public sector organizations
, 67
Public services
building of profession
, 73–74
creating leisure centre
, 62–64
early steps
, 64–70
national diffusion
, 70–73
Qatar Airways
, 78, 82
Reconstruction process
, 83
Replication process
, 25
Research and development (R’D)
, 120
alliances
, 122, 125
Rugby
, 71
Ryanair (low-cost airlines)
, 85
Service business
, 136
Service industry
, 136
Service multinationals innovation activity
analyses and results
, 143
constructs and measures
, 141
control variables
, 142–143
data analysis technique
, 143
development of hypotheses
, 138–140
measurement model
, 143
measures of network embeddedness
, 141–142
measures of subsidiary R&D activities
, 141
methods
, 140
questionnaire and data
, 140–141
structural model and results of hypothesis testing
, 143–148
theoretical framework
, 137–138
SEUR (Spanish courier company)
, 96
case of
, 113
history of
, 99–107
network
, 113
Skyteam (airline clusters)
, 85
Social embeddedness
, 113
Social resource, activating and combining ties as
, 110–111
Social ties
identifying
, 109–110
sustaining
, 111–112
Socially embedded ties
, 98, 113
as network resource
, 109
Sol Group
, 17
Spain
, 99
courier company in
, 96
diffusion of US modern ideas of hospital organization and management
, 55–56
modern ideas on hospital management, organization, and accreditation
, 49–55
new industry in
, 99
resource constraints in
, 96
Spanish courier company
, 96
Spanish hotel companies
, 21
Spanish Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC)
, 137, 140
Spanish’s political transition process
, 86
Sporting organizations
, 69
Sports
, 62, 67–68
Sports Council
, 64, 69–70
Star Alliance (airline clusters)
, 85
Strategic alliances
, 119, 121
Structural equation modelling (SEM)
, 137
Structural model and results of hypothesis testing
, 143–148
Subsidiaries
, 136, 140
external business network
, 139
measures of subsidiary R&D activities
, 141
size
, 142
Swimming
, 62
Swiss bank
, 8–9
Swiss healthcare system
, 39
Swiss Insurance Association
, 42
Swiss Medical Network SA (SMN SA)
, 41
Swiss taxation regime
, 8
Swiss-based companies
, 8
Switzerland, collective entrepreneurship and development of commodity trading companies in
, 4–9
Technological innovation concept
, 30, 120
Telegram group
, 161, 163
Tour Operator groups
, 85
Tourism
destinations
, 23
expansion
, 14
market
, 79
from transport to
, 15–16
Touristik Union International (TUI)
, 17
Training Agency
, 70
Transportes Aéreos de Centro America (TACA)
, 89
Trust-based ties
, 113
Twitter
, 163
Two-tier system
, 69
UN Oil for Food scandal
, 4
Uncertainty
, 85
Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS)
, 42
United Kingdom
, 68
United States (US)
, 29
before 1930s
, 49–55
civil war
, 49
companies
, 5
diffusion of US modern ideas of hospital organization and management
, 55–56
US Army Medical Department, The
, 49
Viajes Barceló (independent company)
, 15
Viajes Iberia (travel company)
, 18
Virtual organizations
, 156
Visionary architects schemes
, 68
Volkart Brothers (company)
, 5
Vueling (airlines)
, 88
West Germany’s Olympic Society
, 66
Western Europe
, 53
dissemination in Western Europe Before World War II
, 49–55
WhatsApp
, 160–163
Wheelchair mobility
, 67
White heat of technology
, 68
Wolfenden Committee on Sport and Community, The
, 63
World Cup, The
, 68
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: The Role of Business Services in the Development of European Commodity Trading Companies in the 20th Century
- Chapter 2: Collective Entrepreneurship in the Spanish Hotel Industry: The Internationalization of a Domestic Cluster
- Chapter 3: Collective Entrepreneurship and the Development of Private Clinics in Geneva, 1860–2020
- Chapter 4: The Transfer of the North American Ideas of Hospital Management to Europe in the 20th Century: The Case of Spain
- Chapter 5: Evolution of Public Services: The Case of UK Leisure Centres in the Late 20th Century
- Chapter 6: Alliances as a Coopetitive Strategy of the Airlines: The Case of Iberia (1980–2020)
- Chapter 7: Building an Enterprise for the Future Through Network Bricolage and Memories of the Past
- Chapter 8: The Asymmetry of Expectations on the Outcomes of Strategic Alliances Between Biotechnology Start-Ups and Pharmaceutical Corporations
- Chapter 9: Effects of the Subsidiaries' Networks on the Service Multinationals Innovation Activity
- Chapter 10: The Collective Entrepreneurial Process: From Public Entrepreneurship to Collective Action for the Common Good
- Index