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The purpose of this study is to improve the tribological characteristics of cotton-biolubricant by adding nanoparticles at extreme pressure (EP) conditions in comparison with commercial lubricant SAE-40.

This research involved the synthesis of cotton-biolubricant by transesterification process and then the addition of nanoparticles in it to improve anti wear (AW)/EP tribological behavior. SAE-40 was studied as a reference commercial lubricant. AW/EP characteristics of all samples were estimated by the four-ball tribo-tester according to the American Society for Testing and Materials D2783 standard.

The addition of 1-Wt.% TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ with oleic acid surfactant in cotton-biolubricant decreased wear scar diameter effectively and enhanced the lubricity, load-wear-index, weld-load and flash-temperature-parameters. This investigation revealed that cotton-biolubricant with TiO₂ nano-particle additive is more effective and will help in developing new efficient biolubricant to replace petroleum-based lubricants.

Cotton biolubricant with TiO₂ nano-particles appeared as an optimistic solution for the global bio-lubricant market.

No one has not studied the cotton biolubricant with nanoparticles for internal combustion engine applications at high temperature and EP conditions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the tribological performance (anti-friction and anti-wear properties) of commercial Mobil grade lubricants used in a journal bearing system in a power plant.

Three grades of Mobil lubricants (DTE 24, DTE 25 and DTE 26) are considered during the study. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂, 0.5 Wt.%) of size 40 nm are used as a lubricant additive to examine the performance of the lubricants. The viscosity of the lubricant is computed using modified Krieger–Dougherty viscosity model. The morphology of TiO₂ nanoparticles is studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy, ultra violet spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction. The study of antifriction and antiwear properties for lubricants is carried out on four-ball tribo-tester for operating conditions specified by ASTM standards.

The tribochemical reaction film is formed between ball surfaces during the experiments on four-ball tester that minimizes the asperity contact due to addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the lubricant. The viscosity of the lubricant is enhanced due to the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The frictional coefficient and wear scar diameters of balls in the lubricants are reduced in the range of 6-26 and 2-7 per cent, respectively.

The tribological properties of TiO₂ as a lubricant additive in three commercial Mobil grade lubricants are investigated in this paper. The results obtained in this paper are expected to be helpful to bearing designers, researchers and academicians concerned with the relevant study.

The purpose of this paper is to formulate heavy-duty lithium complex grease using low molecular weight poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE) micro-particles as extreme pressure (EP) additive manufactured by E-beam scissoring and ultra-high speed grinding process of pre-sintered PTFE scrap.

Lithium complex grease is formulated with PTFE micro-particles, and optimum treat rate was studied by standard bench tests by ASTM D 2266 and IP-239 for tribological properties and compared with commercially available Molybdenum Di sulphide (Moly)-based lithium complex grease. The performance of the grease was further evaluated by a cyclic load test at varying speeds and loads to simulate the operational field conditions.

The lithium complex PTFE grease was manufactured using PTFE micro-particles as EP additive. The PTFE micro-particles dispersed in the lithium complex grease significantly improve the anti-wear performance and load bearing properties. Further, when the product was tested under a cyclic load conditions on standard tribological bench test against commercially available Moly lithium complex grease, shows stable anti-wear properties and reduced coefficient of friction.

The low molecular weight PTFE micro-particles, manufactured in the in-house electron beam (E-beam) and ultra-high speed micronizer facility from a pre-sintered PTFE scrap has been used as EP additive for grease applications for the first time. The results on the cyclic load tests indicate significant performance improvement in retaining the anti-wear and friction properties. Thus, value addition is done in formulating superior performance grease and evaluating under cyclic load conditions similar to field operating conditions and also in creating value added additives by converting the pre-sintered PTFE scarp which is environmental hazard due to poor biodegradability, creating a cyclic economy and a sustainable concept.

Cold forging operation is one of the widely used techniques in industry production. This paper aims to present a case study in highlighting and modelling the use of different type of palm oil-based [palm stearin (PS), palm kernel oil (PKO) and palm mid olein (PMO)] as a bio-lubricant in cold forging process using experimental and finite element method.

Ring compression test plays a fundamental role in the understanding of materials science and engineering because of the deformation, friction and wear behaviour. Aluminium (A6061) was used in this test to observe the deformation of the ring with different palm oil and its derivatives by comparing with commercial metal forming oil.

The presence of certain type of palm oil-based lubricant has a good performance compared to mineral-based oil in terms of surface roughness but when observed in terms of friction the result shows that palm oil-based lubricant has poor friction performance compared to mineral oil-based lubricant (m = 0.25), where PS has the lowest friction at m = 0.3 compared to PKO (m = 0.35) and PMO (m = 0.38).

This research is using palm oil in cold forging test to study the friction, formation and stress at certain levels of stroke. The detail of the test is explained in the manuscript as attached.

This research is trying to promote the use of biodegradable material to reduce pollution to the surrounding.

The originality of this paper has been checked using Turnitin and the result is 13%.

The screening of lube oil performance prior to field trials is the most significant for the formulation of novel lubricants. This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of trimethylolpropane trioleate oil (TMPTO) based lubricants with different additives.

In this endeavor, initially five lubricating blends along-with TMPTO based oil with variable additives were evaluated for their tribological performances using ASTM standards. Out of these, the top three best-performing oils were further investigated for possible physical or chemical synergies among lube oils, additives and ball surface using SEM. The molecule structures of TMPTO based lube oils were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

The wear preventive and extreme pressure characteristics of different TMPTO based samples were evaluated and compared for compatibility and synergy of additives. Morphological analysis of SEM images was used to understand the wear behavior of the worn surfaces.

Further investigation of TMPTO oil on its oxidation stability at high temperature and pressure to make it technologically competitive and commercially viable metal-working lubricant is suggested.

This paper highlights the tribo-effects of TMPTO to be rendered as a suitable lubricant for metal-cutting operations. The surface morphology of the worn-out surface significantly demonstrates the effect of loading conditions.

Due to the environmental issues caused by petroleum lubricants used in lubrication, the concept of creating various bio-lubricants requires research globally. Thus, this study aims to develop, characterize and test the base ficus carica oil (fig oil) for its ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) content.

The sample characterization was done using the Fourier transmission infrared spectrum, whereas the morphologies of the EVA, SDBS particles and lubricated surfaces were carried out under scanning electron microscope equipment. To ensure the homogeneity of the solution (base oil and additives), the formulations were subjected to the sonication process. The anti-friction and anti-wear properties of EVA and SDBS particles as lubricant additives were investigated using a ball on a flat high-frequency reciprocating rig tribo-tester.

According to the findings, the base oil’s anti-friction and anti-wear capabilities can be greatly enhanced by the additions. revealed that the best results were obtained when 1.2% EVA + 2% SDBS was applied for the examination of wear (597.8 µm) and friction coefficient (0.106). Commercial references were used, nevertheless, and the results were excellent. This is because the particles in the contact area during lubrication have strong solubility and quickly penetrate the contact zone. The lubricating mechanisms were explained by a tribological model of the EVA + SDBS and SDBS particles.

The coefficient of friction and wear reduction caused by the use of the additives will certainly enhance system performance and protect the machine components from excessive wear that could cause damage or failure.

The originality and uniqueness of this work are officially affirmed by the authors. The authors’ autonomous and original contribution to the development of sustainable lubrication is represented in this work. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study has been published or made publicly available that duplicates the precise scope and goals of our research, and this conclusion is based on a thorough literature assessment.