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The present study aims to determine the existence of simultaneous relationship between economic growth, income inequality, fiscal policy, and total trade of the 13 emerging market economies as a group for the period 1980–2010. After establishing the existence of simultaneity between the above relationships, a simultaneous panel model has been formulated and estimated incorporating the nonlinearity among the variables as suggested by the existing literature. An inverted U-shape relationship is evident between (1) economic growth, income inequality, and total trade in economic growth equation, (2) income inequality, economic growth, and per capita income in income inequality equation, and (3) total trade and economic growth in total trade equation. Thus, the existence of a two-way nonlinear relationship is highlighted between economic growth, income inequality, and total trade. Apart from these nonlinear relationships, positive and significant effect of (1) gross capital formation, inflation, population growth, human capital, fiscal policy, monetary policy, and domestic credit to private sector on economic growth; (2) civil liabilities on income inequality; (3) gross capital formation and inflation on total trade; (4) total trade, population growth of those aged 65 years and above, political system on fiscal policy is highlighted. Also, negative and significant effect of (1) fiscal policy on income inequality and (2) income inequality on fiscal policy is revealed.

This chapter examines the implications of introducing “robot capital goods” in a one-sector optimal growth model, assuming a high elasticity of substitution between workers and robots. The growth path will either converge to a steady state, or involve endogenous growth without scale effects. In the latter case, the optimal growth rate of output per worker will converge to a positive number that depends on both technological and preference parameter. Moreover, the rate of growth could be increased permanently by subsidizing saving.

Acquisition is one of key corporate strategic decisions for firms’ growth and competitive advantage. Firms: (1) diversify through acquisition to balance cash flows and spread the business risks; and (2) eliminate their competitors through acquisition by acquiring new technology, new operating capabilities, process innovations, specialized managerial expertise, and market position. Thus, firms acquire either unrelated or related business based on their strategic motivations, such as diversifying their business lines or improving market power in the same business line. These different motivations may be related to their assessment of market growth, firms’ competitive position, and top management’s compensation. Thus, it is hypothesized that firms’ acquisition decisions may be related to their industry growth potential, post-acquisition firm growth, market share change, and CEO’s compensation composition between cash and equity. In addition, for the two alternative acquisition accounting methods allowed until recently, a test is made if the type of acquisition is related to the choice of accounting methods. This study classifies firms’ acquisitions as related or unrelated, based on the standard industrial classification (SIC) codes for both acquiring and target firms. The empirical tests are, first, based on all the acquisition cases regardless of the firm membership, and then, deal with the firms acquiring only related businesses or unrelated businesses exclusively.

The type of acquisitions was more likely related to industry growth opportunities, indicating that the unrelated acquisition cases are more likely to be followed by higher industry growth rate than the related acquisition cases. While there were a substantially larger number of acquisition cases using the purchase method, the related acquisition cases used the pooling-of-interest method more frequently than in the unrelated acquisition cases. The firm-level analysis shows that the type of acquisition decisions was still related to acquiring firms’ industry growth rate. However, the post-acquisition performance measures, using firm’s growth and change in market share, could support prior studies in that the exclusive-related acquisitions helped firms grow more and get more market share than the exclusive-unrelated acquisitions. CEO’s compensation composition ratio was not related to the types of acquisition.

Education had proven to be one of the main determinants of economic growth, and it is a reason of the variations in economic growth levels between developed and developing countries. One of the main dimensions in studding the relationship between economic growth and education is the gender dimension or the importance of gender equality or female education in achieving economic growth. This chapter aims to test the hypothesis of the existence of a positive relationship between female education and economic growth in Egypt since 1990.

To address this question, Auto Regression Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound test approach is conducted to analyze the co-integration between female education and economic growth using Egyptian Data for the period 1990–2022. The Empirical analysis for Egypt suggests the existence of positive significant relationship both in the short run and long run and that the impact of female education on economic growth is larger than the impact of education in general on growth. This could be explained by the existence of gender gap in Egypt, labor market, and thus, more educated girls able to enter the labor market will affect the economic growth more than the education of both sexes, in other words, there is still a room for improvement in the female labor market opportunities than for both sexes. The chapter also confirms the existence of a direct link between education in general and economic growth and thus confirms the hypothesis of the positive impact of education economic growth.

This paper presents new evidence of the relationship between financial market development (banking sector) and economic growth for a set of seven Middle East and North African economies over the period 1965–2002. We find evidence that in six of the seven countries, banking-sector development Granger causes increases in economic growth. However, in three of those six countries, economic growth also Granger causes banking development. Our co-integration analysis reveals that there is a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between banking-sector development and economic growth for all our countries. However, based on vector error-correction models, there is limited evidence that banking-sector development boosts economic growth in the short run.

In this study, we empirically investigate the effect of military expenditure on economic growth in the five South Asian countries of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka over the period of 1990–2006. By applying a Solow Growth Model, empirical evidences derived from panel estimation methods indicate that defense has a negative effect on economic growth in the region.

This study aims to estimate the growth rate of total agricultural output as well as the output of major crops in Kerala. Additionally, we examine the factors that influence overall agricultural growth in the state.

Using data from 1970 to 2019, the study estimated CAGR of the total agricultural output and output of major crops in Kerala. Further, the ARDL model is estimated to investigate the factors influencing agricultural growth.

Agricultural growth in Kerala has been weak, with food crop production consistently declining. Although commercial crop production initially increased, it has now begun to drop. An econometric analysis identified rainfall, fertilizer consumption and gross cropped area as key long-term factors affecting agricultural output. While rainfall has a negative impact, both fertilizer consumption (0.5%) and gross cropped area (8.89%) positively influence production.

This study uses proxy variable for agricultural output due to the unavailability of continuous data. Lack of time series data on certain variables such as agricultural credit, public investment and subsidy expenditure limited the inclusion of additional explanatory variables.

Several studies have examined various aspects of Kerala’s agricultural sector. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research has focused on identifying the key factors driving agricultural growth in the state.

This study estimates the impact of growth transmitted from a near economic center (NEC) to neighboring countries in boosting the growth of Asian countries.

This study constructs the NEC of a country and combines it with the Penn World Tables database. The study estimates the impact of NEC on the economic growth of Asian countries over the period 1950–2019. The study also identifies the factors that boost the delivery of neighboring effects.

Estimation results show that a country’s output growth increases by about 0.14% when NEC’s output growth increases by 1%.

This study suggests that Asian growth benefited from a developed country that transmits economic prosperity to neighboring countries.

This study suggests that a country should have a good economic relationship with neighboring countries to boost economic growth.

This study contributes to the existing literature as follows: First, this is the first study that investigated spatial externality in growth between neighboring countries in Asia. Secondly, this study empirically tests the flying geese model in Asian growth. Thirdly, the study investigates the factors that facilitate growth spillover between countries.

This study aims to examine the growth effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, financial development and institutional quality in emerging economies. The research covers 24 years of panel data of 33 selected emerging economies for the period spanning from 1996 to 2020.

The Pedroni and Westerlund panel cointegration tests were performed to ascertain a long run relationship among the studied variables while the panel quantile regression approach was applied to account for the heterogeneous effect of the exogenous variables on economic growth.

The study revealed among other things that FDI inflows, financial development and institutional quality all have positive effects on economic growth in the selected emerging economies. It further revealed that the growth effects of these explanatory variables are evidently heterogeneous.

The implications of this study include the need to increase FDI inflows, especially environmentally friendly FDIs, establish a well-developed financial sector and improve institutional quality so as to accelerate growth in the selected emerging economies.

This paper contributes to extant literature by answering the question of whether the growth effects of FDI inflows, financial development and institutional quality can differ in sign and or magnitude depending on the performance of a country’s growth. The findings of this study may help governments and policymakers to develop very good growth-promoting policies in accordance with the behavior of productivity growth.

We examine how formal institutions influence the employment growth ambitions of entrepreneurial firms with an explicit focus on how their influence varies for early-stage versus established entrepreneurial firms.

We develop four moderation hypotheses based on a review of research on entrepreneurial growth ambitions and formal institutions. Then, we use comprehensive institutional and entrepreneurship performance data from three large international data sources to examine the hypothesized relations.

Our findings suggest that effective formal institutions promote employment growth for established entrepreneurs in particular. Moreover, we found that ineffective formal institutions hinder employee growth for early-stage firms in particular.

We offer several original implications for policymakers and ecosystem builders seeking to support and encourage the early-stage entrepreneurship that accounts for the majority of new job growth in socioeconomic systems.