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This study aims to design a new low-cost localization platform for estimating the location and orientation of a pedestrian in a building. The micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor error compensation and the algorithm were improved to realize the localization and altitude accuracy.

The platform hardware was designed with common low-performance and inexpensive MEMS sensors, and with a barometric altimeter employed to augment altitude measurement. The inertial navigation system (INS) – extended Kalman filter (EKF) – zero-velocity updating (ZUPT) (INS-EKF-ZUPT [IEZ])-extended methods and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) (IEZ + PDR) algorithm were modified and improved with altitude determined by acceleration integration height and pressure altitude. The “AND” logic with acceleration and angular rate data were presented to update the stance phases.

The new platform was tested in real three-dimensional (3D) in-building scenarios, achieved with position errors below 0.5 m for 50-m-long route in corridor and below 0.1 m on stairs. The algorithm is robust enough for both the walking motion and the fast dynamic motion.

The paper presents a new self-developed, integrated platform. The IEZ-extended methods, the modified PDR (IEZ + PDR) algorithm and “AND” logic with acceleration and angular rate data can improve the high localization and altitude accuracy. It is a great support for the increasing 3D location demand in indoor cases for universal application with ordinary sensors.

The purpose of this study is to prepare a new self-emulsified waterborne epoxy hardener which can emulsify the liquid epoxy resin in aqueous media without addition of acid neutralizers.

Two synthetic steps were adopted to prepare novel self-emulsified amine-epoxy adduct type hardener composition based on the reaction of a commercially available polyetheramine, bisphenol A epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine. The different factors affecting the synthesis of the waterborne epoxy hardener were explored by emulsifying and curing properties. The process and products were analyzed and confirmed by FIRT.

Compared to an introduction of polyether as a hydrophilic segment in previous literature, whose reaction required Lewis acid catalysts and strict control of the presence of water, the introduction of polyetheramine to obtain a novel self-emulsified waterborne epoxy hardener were concise and convenient by mere two amine-epoxy addition steps in this research. Moreover, the final product offered good film formation with a practical value of mechanical properties, glass transition temperature and water-resistant property.

The self-emulsified waterborne epoxy hardener can be used to prepare water-resistant waterborne coatings from liquid epoxy resins while also providing the option of zero VOC formulations.

Introduction of hydrophilic polyether amine to prepare self-emulsified waterborne epoxy hardener without acid neutralizers has not been systematically studied previously.

The purpose of this paper is to study various ship detection methodologies. The accuracy of ship detection using satellite images still suffers from disturbances due to cluttered scenes and varying ship sizes. The suitability of the techniques for various applications is explained in this survey.

A list of data on the subject was gathered and processed into tables. The test outcomes were then discussed to determine the most effective ship detection technique under various complex environments.

In this work, the advantages and disadvantages of different classification techniques of ship detection are highlighted. The suitability of the techniques for various applications is also explained in this survey. Several hybrid approaches can be developed in order to increase the accuracy of ship detection system. This survey also aids in highlighting the significant contributions of satellite images to effective ship detection system.

In this paper, studying various ship detection methodologies is given specific attention. A survey on ship detection and recognition is clarified with the detailed comparative analysis of various classifier techniques.