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The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior of hybrid bio-composites under varied applications.

Fabrication methods and material characterization of various hybrid bio-composites are analyzed by studying the tensile, impact, flexural and hardness of the same. The natural fiber is a manufactured group of assembly of big or short bundles of fiber to produce one or more layers of flat sheets. The natural fiber-reinforced composite materials offer a wide range of properties that are suitable for many engineering-related fields like aerospace, automotive areas. The main characteristics of natural fiber composites are durability, low cost, low weight, high specific strength and equally good mechanical properties.

The tensile properties like tensile strength and tensile modulus of flax/hemp/sisal/Coir/Palmyra fiber-reinforced composites are majorly dependent on the chemical treatment and catalyst usage with fiber. The flexural properties of flax/hemp/sisal/coir/Palmyra are greatly dependent on fiber orientation and fiber length. Impact properties of flax/hemp/sisal/coir/Palmyra are depended on the fiber content, composition and orientation of various fibers.

This study is a review of various research work done on the natural fiber bio-composites exhibiting the factors to be considered for specific load conditions.

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the fusion zone grain size and hardness using Hooke and Jeeves Algorithm.

Experiments are conducted as per four factors, five levels response surface method based central composite design matrix. Empirical relations for predicting grain size and harness are developed. The effect of welding variables on grain size and hardness are studies. Grain size and hardness are optimised using Hooke and Jeeves Algorithm.

The developed empirical relations can be effectively used to predict grain size and hardness values of micro plasma arc welded Inconel 625 sheets. The values of grain size and hardness obtained by Hooke and Jeeves Algorithm matches with experimental values with great accuracy.

The developed mathematical models are valid for 0.25 mm thick Inconel 625 sheets only.

In the present paper only four important factors namely peak current, back current, pulse rate and pulse width are considered, however one may consider other parameters like plasma gas flow rate, shielding gas flow rate, etc.

The present work is very much useful to sheet metal industries manufacturing metal bellows, diaphragms, etc.