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Reports on a survey, the subject of which – the environment – is one of the key issues facing the world today. The objectives in carrying out this survey were both to increase understanding of current attitudes and policies, and to stimulate a wider discussion within the logistics industry. Aims to find out whether companies have specific environmental policies and what actions they are taking to protect the environment. Also looks into the views of logistics professionals on the current and future importance of environmental considerations within their own specialist area. Results show that there is still much to be done, but in many areas environmental improvement and cost savings can go hand‐in‐hand. Provides an essential baseline for quantifying future environmental improvement and contributes to raising the awareness of everybody in the industry.

Two 10W30 mineral‐base phosphorus containing (commercial) and phosphorus‐free (P‐Free) crankcase oils were tested in the engine dynamometer for the poisoning effects on a catalytic converter and emission‐engine’s performance. The emission results of the two oils were compared with and without a catalytic converter, including the light‐off temperature of the catalyst. Surface characterisation was used to determine accumulated catalyst poisoning from the oil additives. The performance analysis shows that the catalytic converter lowers the torque and power for the commercial and P‐Free oils, whereas the specific fuel consumption increases for both oils in the presence of the catalytic converter. In both cases of the presence and the absence of catalytic converter the torque, power and specific fuel consumption remain the same for phosphorus containing and P‐Free oils. The presence of the catalytic converter shows lower HC and CO and higher CO₂ emissions for both P‐Free and commercial oils. Surface characterisation using x‐ray microanalysis techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy and indicated residual amounts of poisons, predominantly P, Ca, S and Zn deposited on the catalyst.

Retrieval languages may have varied structural characteristics, and these are summarized. The languages serve varied purposes in information systems, and a number of these are identified. The relations between structure and function are discussed and suggestions made as to the most suitable structures needed for various purposes.

Two 5W‐30 synthetic‐base phosphorus containing (commercial) and phosphorus‐free (P‐free) crankcase oils were tested for engine performance characteristics, engine emissions and poisoning effects of oil additives on a three‐way catalytic converter using engine dynamometer. The emission data of the two oils taken during engine operation were compared in the absence and presence of the catalytic converter. Surface characterization was used to determine the poisoning catalyst effect accumulated from the oil additives in the ceramic washcoat. Oil analyses were also used to examine the condition of the lubricant occurred during engine performance testing operation. The experimental engine performance tests indicated that the catalytic converter diminished the torque and power for the commercial and P‐free oils, whereas the specific fuel consumption increased for both oils in the presence of the catalytic converter.

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