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The purpose of this study is to offer a straightforward, cost-effective, and feasible resolution for managers to assess their processes in a live manner using the process mining technique and to identify anomalies in cases that deviate from the standard. Consequently, the findings of this research can be utilized by organizational managers, while process mining vendors can also leverage it as a feature for their solutions.

Our two-step method is designed to initially evaluate the level of standardization within the process, followed by identifying its underlying cause. These two steps are aimed at helping managers effectively evaluate their business processes. The steps are: (1). Start-End Case Diagram: This diagram allows for the evaluation of the lead time trend and identification of cases that deviate from the standard trend line in a service-based process. (2). Happy Path Analysis: Pareto law is suggested to identify the most frequent process variants.

This approach enables organizations to easily identify problematic cases and investigate bottlenecks when deviations from the standards occur.

The novelty of the paper lies in the introduction and utilization of the start-end case diagram, as well as the combination of this diagram with the Pareto law for the identification of happy path and root cause analysis.

In recent years, the robotic process automation (RPA) technology has increasingly been used to automate business processes. While a lot of research has been published on the potential and benefits of the technology, only a few studies have conducted research on challenges related to RPA adoption. Hence, this study aims to identify and discuss challenges related to RPA implementation projects.

Following an inductive methodology, interviews have been conducted with consultants who were involved in multiple RPA implementation projects. Hence, their extensive experience and views contribute to a detailed and in-depth understanding of the phenomena under research.

The results suggest that there are various process-related, technical, resource-related, psychological and coordinative challenges that must be considered when conducting an RPA implementation project.

This paper contributes to knowledge by presenting a new typology of challenges, as well as providing an in-depth discussion of the individual challenges that organizations face.