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1 – 10 of 192This study aims to present a qualitative analysis of how higher education institutions (HEIs) faculties manage knowledge to facilitate the learning and engagement of individuals…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to present a qualitative analysis of how higher education institutions (HEIs) faculties manage knowledge to facilitate the learning and engagement of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a qualitative research design to collect responses from 39 HEI faculties to understand how they manage knowledge to facilitate learning in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Data collection tools comprised a set of predetermined questions, soliciting written responses.
Findings
Coding of the collected data confirmed that there was a knowledge management process in HEIs for enabling higher education of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A total of six themes emerged, clarifying the knowledge management process. The four components of this process were creation, storage, sharing and use. In addition to the four process-related themes, two other themes that emerged were barriers to knowledge creation and supportive culture. This covers the relevant aspects of the set-up around the knowledge management process in HEIs trying to improve the higher education of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Originality/value
There is a need to improve the education of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, which requires effective knowledge management. This paper reveals details of the steps in the knowledge management process relevant to this aim. This is a unique contribution, providing a basis for future research and the introduction of required knowledge management practices by HEIs dedicated to providing high-quality education to students with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Mahesh Odiyoor, Lorraine Potts, Solomon Shatananda, Abimbola Oyedokun, Sujeet Jaydeokar and Saman Shahzad
Individuals with intellectual disability have an increased predisposition to other co-morbid physical health conditions, mental illness and neurodevelopmental conditions including…
Abstract
Purpose
Individuals with intellectual disability have an increased predisposition to other co-morbid physical health conditions, mental illness and neurodevelopmental conditions including autism spectrum condition. There are challenges in diagnosing autism in adults with intellectual disability, and these are often attributes to the complexities in symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the autism diagnostic aid (ADA) tool and face and content validation of its properties.
Design/methodology/approach
The ADA tool was developed following a detailed scoping exercise which included literature reviews, observations and discussion with wider multi-disciplinary team members. A face and content validation after consultation with eight experts who are trained and routinely perform assessments for autism spectrum disorders. The experts also have expertise in working with individuals with intellectual disability.
Findings
The experts agreed that the ADA tool is appropriate to the targeted construct and assessment objectives as a diagnostic aid in the assessment of autism in adults with intellectual disability. They also determined that the content of ADA tool was valid for its use as a diagnostic aid in the diagnosis of adults with intellectual disability.
Research limitations/implications
The ADA tool was considered a valid tool from the expert’s perspective. It was identified to have a good face and content validity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the ADA is first of its kind tool, developed specifically to aid clinicians with autism assessments in adults with intellectual disability.
Practical implications
This tool could potentially help with timely assessment and help with providing appropriate intervention but would require further exploration.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first of its kind tool for the assessment of autism in adults with intellectual disability.
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Claire Hutchinson, Leanne Lester, Veronica Coram, Paul Flatau and Ian Goodwin-Smith
Though qualitative evidence of social impact exists for disability-inclusive social enterprise, there is a dearth of quantitative economic impact on their social impact. This…
Abstract
Purpose
Though qualitative evidence of social impact exists for disability-inclusive social enterprise, there is a dearth of quantitative economic impact on their social impact. This study aims to address this gap and investigate the appropriateness and usefulness of social return on investment (SROI) methodology in this context.
Design/methodology/approach
Primary data was collected from people with disabilities, their families, staff at the parent company (an Australian Disability Enterprise [ADE]), social investors and other key stakeholders (n = 17). The study was also informed by the literature and a steering group to provide expert opinion when no other data existed to inform estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed to check the robustness of the analysis.
Findings
Social return was estimated at $1.47–$2.65 for every $1 invested (over 3 years) and $8.48–$12.63 (20 years). Some forecast assumptions significantly impacted upon final ratios and need to be tested. How SROI ratios are received by social investors, the ADE sector and government remains untested. However, the political climate suggests ADEs adopting social enterprise models will be well received if they can deliver, and demonstrate through robust measurement, sustainable open employment opportunities.
Originality/value
Few studies exist that estimate the social impact of social enterprises supporting open employment of people with disabilities. At a time when ADEs (sheltered workshops) have been heavily criticised for providing repetitive, menial work for top up wages on welfare payments, the outputs from this research may provide valuable data to an ADE sector in transition as well as social investors and policy makers who increasingly require robust measurement of impact.
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This study introduces an ecological framework for disabilities meant to provide a new model of viewing and learning about disabilities and special education. This model projects a…
Abstract
Purpose
This study introduces an ecological framework for disabilities meant to provide a new model of viewing and learning about disabilities and special education. This model projects a multi-systemic view of factors that influence a person's life, where people with disabilities are active actors in the development of the world. The increased awareness about interconnectedness, globalization, inter- and trans-disciplinarity, influences on human experience, greening, sustainability, inequality, inequity and lack of opportunities is shifting how people think about potential and growth.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach is qualitative, interpretive research.
Findings
In disability studies, the Ecological Model of Disabilities helps reframe this uniqueness as part of the spectrum of human experiences. In special education, the Ecoducation Model helps reframe the learning experience.
Research limitations/implications
This research is conceptual, but it is also all-inclusive, rendering itself to a wide application in educational settings.
Practical implications
The Ecoducation Model for Special Education is specific to the education of children and adults with disabilities, and it is directly compatible with the broader Ecological Model of Disabilities. These ecological models can be applied to all levels of the ecological system, and to different ecodemes of population. Nevertheless, the ecological models need to be locally implemented, with general principles tailored to national traditions, laws and resources.
Social implications
Advocating for the pursuit of individual well-being within the larger society, both models call for practical changes in a multitude of areas, including legislation and policy, training of professional personnel, sufficient financial input in programs designed for the care of children and adults with disabilities, change in societal mentalities to fight discrimination, disempowerment and isolation. Because the scope of ecological frameworks is incommensurate, being both interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary, further research possibilities are countless. The ecological perspective opens the fields of disability studies and special education to new theoretical and empirical possibilities.
Originality/value
Two epistemological models are described as new frameworks in disability studies: the Ecological Model of Disabilities and the Ecoducation Model for Special Education. Both are original models that look into the education and inclusion of the person with disabilities.
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Rosalyn Marie Arnold, Danny Acton and Sujeet Jaydeokar
This study aims to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with different risk stratification levels on the Decision Support Tool for Physical Health…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with different risk stratification levels on the Decision Support Tool for Physical Health (DST-PH). The DST-PH was designed to stratify risk of avoidable mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
A prospective cohort study design was used. Data, including age, gender, ethnicity and completed DST-PH assessments, was collected from adults with intellectual disabilities within an NHS trust in the North-West of England. Descriptive statistics and a risk factor analysis were used to investigate differences between those rating Red, Amber and Green on the DST-PH.
Findings
Risk factor analysis revealed key clinical indicators linked to avoidable mortality. Notably, those experiencing posture or mobility difficulties, transitions in care, an untreated or unstable mental health condition or significant behavioural problems were identified to be at significantly heightened risk of avoidable death. These findings emphasise the importance of proactively recognising and addressing these experiences, particularly posture- and mobility-related challenges, in individuals with intellectual disabilities. It is important to note this study’s findings are based on a small sample size. Therefore, further research with a larger and more diverse population is recommended to validate and expand upon these results.
Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which has used a risk stratification tool to investigate the clinical and demographic characteristics of individuals with intellectual disability at higher risk of avoidable mortality.
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Paraskevi Giagazoglou, Theodoros Kannas, Athanasia Dampa, Stalakti Iliopoulou, Ioulia Alivizatou and Georgios Chalatzoglidis
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a trampoline intervention program on motor and behavioral characteristics of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a trampoline intervention program on motor and behavioral characteristics of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Design/methodology/approach
Twenty-six male students aged 15–18 years with ASD participated in the study. They were equally divided into two groups of 13 students. The intervention group followed an individualized trampoline exercise program that was applied three times a week for 30 min for 12 weeks. Before the intervention program and after the end of this, the motor performance was evaluated through the recording of the total number of jumps. The behavioral characteristics were evaluated with the Behavior Problem Inventory questionnaire.
Findings
According to the findings, there were statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group across all variables. In conclusion, it seems that an intervention program with the use of a trampoline, adapted to the needs and capabilities of adolescents with ASD can improve their motor performance and behavioral characteristics.
Originality/value
The authors report on the impact of a trampoline exercise program on motor skills and behavioral traits in adolescents diagnosed with ASD. This is significant because our research focused on investigating the effects of a structured trampoline exercise program both on motor skills and behavioral characteristics. The findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting targeted exercise programs as effective interventions for addressing motor and behavioral challenges in adolescents with ASD. The authors believe the research aligns closely with the aims and scope of research in developmental disabilities, and the authors hope that it will make a meaningful impact on the field of autism research and intervention.
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Kevin O'Farrell, Nick Garner and Matt Symes
This paper aims to explore using the children’s accelerated trauma technique (CATT) in an adult intellectual disability population, with the aim of reducing symptoms of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore using the children’s accelerated trauma technique (CATT) in an adult intellectual disability population, with the aim of reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Design/methodology/approach
A service evaluation was completed to investigate differences between pre- and post-CATT trauma scores.
Findings
Scores on a measure of PTSD decreased significantly following CATT.
Practical implications
The findings support continued use of CATT in adults with intellectual disabilities, and they highlight the need to evaluate effectiveness in a larger sample.
Originality/value
This paper evaluates the novel application of a trauma treatment – developed for use with children – in an adult intellectual disability population and adds to the existing evidence base.
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Festona Avdiu and Zamira Hyseni Duraku
This study aims to investigate the associations between emotional regulation strategies, self-compassion and adaptive functioning in families of children with neurodevelopmental…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the associations between emotional regulation strategies, self-compassion and adaptive functioning in families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in comparison to families with typically developing (TD) children.
Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study used a comprehensive set of validated measures to assess emotional regulation strategies, self-compassion and adaptive functioning. The study cohort consisted of 116 parents; 58 parents of children with NDD and 58 parents of TD children. The mean age of the children was 6.40 years (SD = 1.82).
Findings
The findings indicate that higher self-compassion is associated with improved adaptive functioning, evidenced by reduced levels of internalizing (depression, anxiety, withdrawal, somatic complaints) and externalizing (aggressive behaviors) problems. Parents of children with NDD reported greater levels of depression, anxiety and withdrawal compared to parents of TD children. Parents of TD children used cognitive reappraisal more frequently and exhibited higher levels of self-compassion, whereas the use of expressive suppression was more prevalent among parents of children with NDD.
Practical implications
These findings highlight the need for family-centered and tailored interventions that promote self-compassion and adaptive emotional regulation strategies to reduce internalizing and externalizing problems among parents of children with NDD. By providing comprehensive psychological support and accessible community resources, parental ability to cope with stress may be improved, fostering adaptive functioning that benefits both parents and children with NDD.
Originality/value
This study introduces a novel perspective on the importance of self-compassion and emotional regulation strategies in protecting and improving the mental well-being of parents with neurodevelopmental disorder children. It provides valuable insights for targeted interventions in NDD families, focusing on reducing the risk of mental health deterioration while promoting emotional resilience.
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This study empirically and comparatively examines two digital technologies that have been implemented as part of the experience of urban public transport during the COVID-19…
Abstract
Purpose
This study empirically and comparatively examines two digital technologies that have been implemented as part of the experience of urban public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Barcelona, the digitization of tickets and self-service technology in kiosks in the different operators of the metropolitan transport authority (ATM) environment. The study gives a voice to people with ASD and makes a theoretical and practical contribution to making urban transport increasingly digitized after the COVID-19 pandemic, more accessible and inclusive for the group, little observed so far.
Design/methodology/approach
The data collection consisted of a discussion group, ethnographic techniques and a visit to the Barcelona Metro (2022), and interviews after the visit through a semi-structured questionnaire with 12 participants with ASD. This study uses the critical incident analysis (CIT).
Findings
Results provide an extension of the attribute-based Dabholkar model (1996) that applies to the perception of the use of self-service technology, when using digital technologies in urban transport.
Originality/value
This redefinition of the current model of the perception of the use of technology, taking into account the needs of people with ASD, will enable better decision making by transport operators for previously neglected groups.
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Mehri Moradi, Razieh Salehian, Bonnie Bozorg and Mina Bozorg
This study aims to report the effectiveness of family based treatment and pharmacotherapy on an adolescent boy with anorexia nervosa and intellectual disability.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to report the effectiveness of family based treatment and pharmacotherapy on an adolescent boy with anorexia nervosa and intellectual disability.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors reported the case of a 16-year-old boy with AN and ID and referred him to a family therapist and psychiatrist in Tehran.
Findings
The patient experienced fatigue, weakness, dissatisfaction, suicidal thoughts and self-harm signs over the past one year. He also had behaviors such as abstinence from eating and voluntary vomiting. He was diagnosed with AN and MDD.
Originality/value
The results suggest that these interventions can be effective but should be used with special consideration. Combining family therapy and pharmacotherapy might offer a chance to alleviate anorexia symptoms in people with ID.
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