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1 – 10 of 54Unprecedented Western sanctions have pushed Russia to seek new bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). Moscow is moving fast to create a wide network of agreements with emerging…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283317
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the opening ceremony by video link, hailing the “irresistible” trend towards multipolarity and economic globalisation. The forum discussed…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280576
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Interest in the 'Middle Corridor' was revived after Russia invaded Ukraine and expanding Western sanctions raised the commercial risk for carriers. Despite enthusiasm among…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272189
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Both have avoided the deep economic crisis that seemed likely in the spring. Income from remittances, on which both rely heavily, has recovered after a dip following the invasion.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB273938
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Unlike the EU, the EEU is dominated by one state, Russia, which created it to exert power over former Soviet territories and which makes and breaks the rules. Moscow now wants to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272496
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Tokayev's rebuff to Russian hopes of support on the Ukraine war reflects a commitment to maintaining foreign policy independence while securing his domestic position through…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB271774
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Sanctions have changed trade and investment patterns in EEU members, creating opportunities as well as secondary sanctions risks. Kazakhstan in particular has not signed up to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB275527
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The less than democratic nature of the vote resembled the practices of Tokayev's predecessor Nursultan Nazarbayev, despite promises of a break with the past. His programme for a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB274162
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Fear of being called up has driven men to leave Russia by multiple routes. Kazakhstan and Georgia are popular destinations, reached overland. States that traditionally provided…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB273758
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Business relocations may provide a modest boost to Kazakhstan's hopes of diversifying its hydrocarbons-based economy and reducing reliance on Russia. For the moment, it needs…