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Expert briefing
Publication date: 20 September 2024

Having recently signed a raft of agreements, Turkmenistan has boosted its chances of becoming an important transit route for pan-Eurasian infrastructure projects. Ashgabat has not…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 April 2023

The two countries have turned to each other amid increasing isolation from international banking systems, export markets, and foreign resources and technologies. Deepening their…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 14 April 2023

A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 30 August 2022

Business relocations may provide a modest boost to Kazakhstan's hopes of diversifying its hydrocarbons-based economy and reducing reliance on Russia. For the moment, it needs…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 February 2024

This offers Ukraine enhanced connectivity to the EU, increasing the volume of throughputs in response to Russia’s restrictions on Black Sea shipping, but also responding to…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 13 January 2020

With TurkStream, Russia has opened a new export route to the EU through South-eastern Europe under the Black Sea: Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia are receiving Russian gas…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 27 March 2023

Turkmen leaders rarely visit foreign countries. The visit to Beijing aimed at securing Chinese commitment to completing a new natural gas pipeline through Tajikistan and…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 19 January 2023

Lavrov's positive comments highlight the Georgian Dream party's equivocal stance on the Ukraine war. The party has emerged relatively unscathed from a year of domestic and…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 May 2023

The same month, Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliyev said Russia was willing to accept reduced rates for its gas. The two announcements follow an intense diplomatic game…

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