Search results

1 – 10 of over 3000
Book part
Publication date: 2 July 2010

Tiffany Taylor

Purpose – In this chapter, I assess women's progress in achieving greater access to management positions in United States workplaces. Although many researchers focus on segregation

Abstract

Purpose – In this chapter, I assess women's progress in achieving greater access to management positions in United States workplaces. Although many researchers focus on segregation, women's changing representation in management is a relatively undocumented story about workplace inequality.

Methodology/approach – To increase our understanding of workplace and labor market composition and women's representation in management, I utilize data collected by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from large, private sector workplaces in the United States over time (1966–2000, N=237,934). Using these data and successive regression models, I explore the effects of supply, demand, and organizational processes on women's representation in management.

Findings – The findings indicate that women's representation in management is uneven across industries, with women holding higher shares of management in the service industries. Further, changes in the labor market supply of women and workplace segregation have much smaller effects on women's representation in management than the demand created by the tremendous growth in the service industries.

Originality/value of chapter – This chapter shows the gender revolution is far from over in United States workplaces. Women are most likely managers in industries in which women provide services. In other words, women have simply added paid work providing services to strangers to their unpaid work providing services for families. In sum, women's progress is largely the result of demand created from economic restructuring.

Details

Interactions and Intersections of Gendered Bodies at Work, at Home, and at Play
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-944-2

Article
Publication date: 29 October 2020

Secil E. Ertorer, Jennifer Long, Melissa Fellin and Victoria M. Esses

This paper explores integration experiences of immigrants in the Canadian workplace from the perspective of immigrants themselves, focusing on cultural capital and cultural…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper explores integration experiences of immigrants in the Canadian workplace from the perspective of immigrants themselves, focusing on cultural capital and cultural judgments as factors influencing workplace entry, advancement and social integration in an increasingly diverse work environment.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretive approach that involved thematic analysis of in-depth interview data was employed.

Findings

The findings reveal that the official two-way multiculturalism policy of Canada is not reflected in the Canadian workplace and that structural forces of assimilation are evident. Cultural judgments and immigrants' cultural capital create barriers for integration.

Research limitations/implications

While highlighting important aspects of immigrant experiences within the Canadian workplace, the study findings cannot generate a fully representative theorization of immigrant employment experiences in Canada. Further studies with diverse migrant groups in different parts of the country would shed more light on the issues faced by immigrants.

Practical implications

The barriers to social integration identified by this study can be largely overcome by improving intercultural skills and cultural intelligence of employers and employees through training and incorporating values of diversity and inclusion into the corporate culture.

Social implications

The factors that foster and hinder workplace integration identified by this study can inform workplace integration strategies and related policies.

Originality/value

Much of the literature concerning immigrants' position in Canada address the economic integration and economic well-being of immigrants, focusing on quantitative, macro level analyses of earnings disparity and labor market segmentation. There is a lack of qualitative research that explores the integration process through the lens of immigrants. Informed by the theories of cultural capital, cultural judgment and integration, the study sheds light on the everyday workplace experiences of skilled migrants and perceived barriers to workplace entry, advancement and social integration.

Details

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, vol. 41 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-7149

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 October 2023

Nahed T. Zeini, Ahmed E. Okasha and Amal S. Soliman

Using bibliometrics, this study aims to explore the intellectual structure of social segregation research, key contributors, thematic areas and hotspot topics.

Abstract

Purpose

Using bibliometrics, this study aims to explore the intellectual structure of social segregation research, key contributors, thematic areas and hotspot topics.

Design/methodology/approach

A bibliometric analysis was performed for more than 15,000 research papers listed in one of the famous, rich and widely used scientific databases: Web of Science (WoS). This review approach was used to identify social research hotspots on segregation, intellectual structure, borders and development trends. VOSviewer and Gephi software were employed for mapping and analysis.

Findings

The study indicates a marked increase in segregation research, particularly from a spatial/urban perspective. The study reveals the interrelationship between segregation and many other social concepts, such as social equality, cohesion, integration and inclusion. In conclusion, addressing the ramifications resulting from the multiple forms of segregation will help in implementing social policies and evaluating their impact on achieving inclusive social development in general and the 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in specific.

Research limitations/implications

This study remains limited to the precision and thoroughness of the bibliographic data gained from WoS.

Originality/value

This study is valuable for readers to gain rich insights into the state of research on social segregation. It also provides ideas for future research that prospective authors and interested research and academic institutions can investigate.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 February 2019

Sven-Kristjan Bormann, Svetlana Ridala and Ott-Siim Toomet

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between skills in the Estonian, Russian and English language, and labour market outcomes in Estonia, a linguistically…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between skills in the Estonian, Russian and English language, and labour market outcomes in Estonia, a linguistically divided country.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the Estonian Labour Force Surveys 1992–2012. The authors rely on multivariate linear regression models to document the relationship between language skills and labour market outcomes.

Findings

Estonian language knowledge (for ethnic Russians) are important determinants of unemployment. Wage, in contrary, is closely related to English skills. Ethnic Russian men do not earn any premium from speaking Estonian, while women, fluent in Estonian earn approximately 10 per cent more. For ethnic Estonians, Russian fluency is associated with a similar income gain.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the observational nature of the data, the effects reported in this study are not causal effects. As a second limitation, the self-reported language skills data may be imprecise and hence the effects the authors report may be too small.

Practical implications

The results stress the role of workplace segregation, both along gender and ethnic lines, in determining the individual labour market experience.

Originality/value

The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of language skills in a rapidly developing labour market in a linguistically divided economy. The authors analyse several languages with different legal status and document long-term trends in the effects.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 40 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 8 April 2013

Ryan Light

Purpose – While important changes have been made in the American workplace, gender inequality persists. Contemporary analyses of occupational segregation suggest that gendered…

Abstract

Purpose – While important changes have been made in the American workplace, gender inequality persists. Contemporary analyses of occupational segregation suggest that gendered roles and identities may be playing a role, yet few studies explicitly tackle the effects of occupational identity on female disadvantage at work. Moreover, most previous research ignores the structured, multidimensionality of occupational identity focusing on more overt one-dimensional forms of status differentiation. Using sociological work as a case, these analyses delineate how occupational identities contribute to and differentiate publication success – and thus status hierarchies – for men and women in the sociological field.Findings – Net of human capital, results demonstrate the pronounced effect of the structure of occupational identity on publication: An often hidden form of job-queuing, occupational identities are gendered and influence the publication process. Differential rewards based on subtly gendered distinctions prove an important source of persistent inequalities.Social implications – While gender alone may not directly influence publication in premier research journals for more recent cohorts of sociologists, the gendered nature of research specialization and the distribution of rewards based, in part, on specialization present a troubling, more subtle stratifying mechanism.Originality/value of the chapter – This chapter contributes to our understanding of the puzzling pertinence of gender inequality in the academy by pinpointing how the organization of research into specialties is gendered and how this gendering of research affects important outcomes, such as publication. The paper also contributes to our broader understanding of inequality at work as an example of how occupational identity is multidimensional and networked.

Details

Networks, Work and Inequality
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-539-5

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 9 November 2009

Pernilla Andersson Joona and Eskil Wadensjö

Using unique register data for Sweden we match self-employed persons to their employees. The purpose of the paper is to investigate which factors that influence the composition of…

Abstract

Using unique register data for Sweden we match self-employed persons to their employees. The purpose of the paper is to investigate which factors that influence the composition of the workforce in terms of national background. To analyse workforce composition we estimate the probability of only employing co-nationals in the firm. A majority of the self-employed do not have employees so the used sample constitutes a small share of all self-employed. To account for the selection in the choice of having employees we estimate a selection model of Heckman type.

We find that a higher share of immigrants in the municipality increases the probability of hiring immigrants, both for native and immigrant self-employed. We also find that the probability for immigrants to only employ co-nationals decreases with time spent in Sweden. These results point to that the proximity to people from the same region and one's network plays an important part for the employment decisions for the self-employed.

Details

Ethnicity and Labor Market Outcomes
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-634-2

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 7 November 2018

Abstract

Details

Race, Identity and Work
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-501-6

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 July 2022

Ambreen Sarwar, Muhammad Ibrahim Abdullah, Muhammad Kashif Imran and Nazia Rafiq

With theoretical underpinnings in the conservation of resources theory, this research aims at understanding the link between workplace ostracism (WPO) and its effects on…

Abstract

Purpose

With theoretical underpinnings in the conservation of resources theory, this research aims at understanding the link between workplace ostracism (WPO) and its effects on customers' interests in the context of COVID-19, with the mediation of stress and moderation of self-efficacy (SE).

Design/methodology/approach

The study followed a time-lagged design. A sample of 217 frontline employees working in the food sector of southern Punjab, Pakistan, responded to the study questions using the survey method with structured questionnaires. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool was utilized for data analysis with bootstrapping and PROCESS macro.

Findings

The findings show that an important mechanism by which ostracism translates into customer service sabotage (CSS) is the increase in perceived stress levels of the employees. Additionally, SE was found to be an important personal resource that acts as a moderator in the said relationship.

Practical implications

Employees with high SE sense less workplace stress even during a pandemic. Leadership should consider the stress-alleviating effect of SE for lessening the damaging influence of WPO on customers.

Originality/value

The study fills an important empirical gap in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, by showing that due to resource loss perceived by employees while being targeted by ostracism, they may decide to transfer their frustration towards organizational customers by sabotaging their service experience.

Details

Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, vol. 30 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2515-964X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1996

John J. Lawler

Provides an overview of labour‐market diversity issues in Thailand. Examines factors such as religion, ethnicity and gender in the context of Thailand’s rapidly expanding economy…

3424

Abstract

Provides an overview of labour‐market diversity issues in Thailand. Examines factors such as religion, ethnicity and gender in the context of Thailand’s rapidly expanding economy. Concludes that religious and ethnic divisions are not especially pronounced in Thailand. However, with its relatively high female labour force participation and few restrictions on discriminatory behaviour, Thailand’s chief diversity issue concerns the role of women in the labour market. Presents an empirical analysis of data concerning job openings for white‐collar positions. Focuses on the role that multinational corporations, a major force in the Thai economy, play in promoting or inhibiting gender‐based employment discrimination. Suggests that multinationals are indeed very important in this process, with significant differences among the effects exerted by the subsidiaries of US, Japanese and European MNCs in comparison to Thai‐owned firms.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 17 no. 4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 23 June 2023

Alessandra L. González and Inmaculada Macias-Alonso

The authors propose that the lessons learned by women business owners in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic can provide a model of strategic engagement for gender, work and…

Abstract

Purpose

The authors propose that the lessons learned by women business owners in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic can provide a model of strategic engagement for gender, work and organizations moving forward, where the acknowledgment of women's dual roles inside and outside of the home can provide paths for creative adaptation by employers in order to recruit and retain more diverse workers in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 15 female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia during the lockdown and soft reopening of the economy in the summer and fall of 2020.

Findings

The authors’ findings provide evidence that some female business owners were already equipped for resilience during the lockdown as they relied on business models that allowed for flexible hours, working from home, and online collaboration. Entrepreneurs further refined their business models as the lockdown continued, and these changes intersected with ongoing adaptations by government institutions and clients, which were designed to adjust to the realities of moving commerce online. Business models that relied on traditional masculine approaches of in-person interaction with clients outside the home, or on global supply chains materially affected by lockdown disruptions, were the least able to adapt.

Originality/value

Rather than focusing on the strategies of individual entrepreneurs, the authors show how cultural context shapes both business models and adaptations of entrepreneurs from cultures that emphasize women's roles inside the home.

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 3000