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Article
Publication date: 5 March 2018

Trade intensity and business cycle synchronization: A reappraisal using value-added trade data

Jong Kyou Jeon

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between trade integration and intra-regional business cycle synchronization using value-added trade data. Most…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between trade integration and intra-regional business cycle synchronization using value-added trade data. Most empirical studies analyzing the relationship between trade integration and business cycle synchronization use gross trade data which suffer from double-counting. Double-counting distorts the empirical results on the estimated relationship between trade integration and business cycle synchronization. This paper explores the relationship using value-added trade data to be free from distortions caused by double-counting.

Design/methodology/approach

Gross trade data on exports and imports are decomposed into sub-categories following Koopman et al. (2014). Then, value-added data on exports and imports without double-counted terms are built to measure value-added bilateral trade intensity and value-added intra-industry trade intensity. Using this value-added trade intensities, the author run panel regressions for Europe and East Asian countries to examine how value-added trade intensities are correlated with output co-movements.

Findings

The paper finds that for European countries, the positive association between trade and business cycle co-movements is more evidently observed and the role of intra-industry trade increasing the business cycle synchronization is also more clearly revealed by value-added trade data. On the other hand, for East Asian countries, value-added trade data reveal that it is very uncertain whether increased trade contributes to stronger synchronization of business cycles and intra-industry trade is truly the major factor which deepens the business cycle co-movements.

Research limitations/implications

First, the paper examines the relationship only by running static panel regression. There is a need to employ different methodologies such as instrumental variable regression or dynamic panel regression. Second, financial integration and policy coordination within a region are also other relevant factors which influence the intra-regional business cycle synchronization. There is a need to examine the relationship using value-added trade data with the variables measuring the degree of financial integration and policy coordination. Third, value-added trade data used in this paper has limited coverage of East Asian countries. There is also a need to extend the value-added data set to cover more countries and industries.

Originality/value

Most empirical literature studying the relationship between trade integration and business cycle synchronization rely on gross trade data. This paper would be the first attempt to study the relationship using value-added trade data. Duval et al. (2014) also use value-added data, but their value-added data are not supported by a solid accounting framework which decomposes a country’s gross exports into various value-added components by source and additional double-counted terms. Value-added data in this paper computed based on Koopman et al. (2014) are the total domestic value exports that are ultimately consumed abroad via final and intermediate exports. The author believes that value-added data in this paper are most relevant in estimating the relationship between trade integration and business cycle synchronization.

Details

Journal of Korea Trade, vol. 22 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKT-12-2017-0103
ISSN: 1229-828X

Keywords

  • Business cycle synchronization
  • Double counting
  • Trade integration
  • Value-added trade

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Book part
Publication date: 25 June 2010

“Periodic crises”: Clément Juglar between theories of crises and theories of business cycles

Daniele Besomi

Business cycle theory is normally described as having evolved out of a previous tradition of writers focusing exclusively on crises. In this account, the turning point is…

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Business cycle theory is normally described as having evolved out of a previous tradition of writers focusing exclusively on crises. In this account, the turning point is seen as residing in Clément Juglar's contribution on commercial crises and their periodicity. It is well known that the champion of this view is Schumpeter, who propagated it on several occasions. The same author, however, pointed to a number of other writers who, before and at the same time as Juglar, stressed one or another of the aspects for which Juglar is credited primacy, including the recognition of periodicity and the identification of endogenous elements enabling the recognition of crises as a self-generating phenomenon. There is indeed a vast literature, both primary and secondary, relating to the debates on crises and fluctuations around the middle of the nineteenth century, from which it is apparent that Juglar's book Des Crises Commerciales et de leur Retour Périodique en France, en Angleterre et aux États-Unis (originally published in 1862 and very much revised and enlarged in 1889) did not come out of the blue but was one of the products of an intellectual climate inducing the thinking of crises not as unrelated events but as part of a more complex phenomenon consisting of recurring crises related to the development of the commercial world – an interpretation corroborated by the almost regular occurrence of crises at about 10-year intervals.

Details

A Research Annual
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0743-4154(2010)000028A010
ISBN: 978-0-85724-060-6

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1984

A Product Life Cycle Theory for International Trade: An Empirical Investigation

Geoffrey Lancaster and Inger Wesenlund

States that product life cycle theory has been applied to many industries and has proved successful in identifying future product and service strategies. Looks at how this…

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States that product life cycle theory has been applied to many industries and has proved successful in identifying future product and service strategies. Looks at how this theory can be applied to international trade especially with regard to competition in the form of low‐cost imports, by using the textile industry a case in point. Emphasizes the need to recognize the changing environment within the textile industry suggesting that businessmen should be aware of the constant process of change in order that they might survive.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 18 no. 6/7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004793
ISSN: 0309-0566

Keywords

  • International trade
  • Product lifecycle
  • Textile industry
  • Theory

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1985

German Political Economy: The History of an Alternative Economics

Tomas Riha

Nobody concerned with political economy can neglect the history of economic doctrines. Structural changes in the economy and society influence economic thinking and…

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Nobody concerned with political economy can neglect the history of economic doctrines. Structural changes in the economy and society influence economic thinking and, conversely, innovative thought structures and attitudes have almost always forced economic institutions and modes of behaviour to adjust. We learn from the history of economic doctrines how a particular theory emerged and whether, and in which environment, it could take root. We can see how a school evolves out of a common methodological perception and similar techniques of analysis, and how it has to establish itself. The interaction between unresolved problems on the one hand, and the search for better solutions or explanations on the other, leads to a change in paradigma and to the formation of new lines of reasoning. As long as the real world is subject to progress and change scientific search for explanation must out of necessity continue.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 12 no. 3/4/5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb013991
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Book part
Publication date: 23 July 2016

“Un-Austrian” Austrians? Haberler, Machlup, and Morgenstern, and the Post-Emigration Elaboration of Austrian Economics

Janek Wasserman

Historians of economic thought have begun to reintegrate “un-Austrian” Austrians back into discussions of Austrian Economics, yet many scholars have argued that the…

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Historians of economic thought have begun to reintegrate “un-Austrian” Austrians back into discussions of Austrian Economics, yet many scholars have argued that the Austrian School dissolved after emigration, with only Mises and his followers left to carry on the legacy. This chapter argues that a renewed focus on the networks established by the Austrians themselves, before and after emigration, reveals a distinctly different picture of Austrian Economics. Focusing on their shared interest in international trade theory and business cycle theory and their continued contributions to economic methodology, we see the émigré Austrians advancing Austrian ideas while also reconstituting and elaborating new Austrian affiliations. Ultimately, we find ourselves in agreement with Herbert Furth that Austrian Economics is far broader than Hayek, Mises, and their acolytes would have it, and that it is vital to understand and preserve this more diverse tradition by investigating more closely the works of Haberler, Machlup, Morgenstern, and others.

Details

Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0743-41542016000034A004
ISBN: 978-1-78560-960-2

Keywords

  • Oskar Morgenstern
  • Gottfried Haberler
  • Fritz Machlup
  • Rockefeller foundation
  • trade theory
  • economic methodology

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Book part
Publication date: 8 March 2011

Chapter 12 The Australia–Asia Business Cycle Evolution

Shawn Chen-Yu Leu and Jeffrey Sheen

We consider whether there has been a gradual decoupling of the Australian business cycle from its trading partners in Europe and North America and a closer convergence…

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We consider whether there has been a gradual decoupling of the Australian business cycle from its trading partners in Europe and North America and a closer convergence toward its trading partners in Asia. We set up a dynamic latent factor model to estimate common dynamic components or factors for the real GDP growth rate of 19 countries. From variance decomposition over the 1991–2009 sample, we find that a global factor contributed the most in explaining Australian output growth variations, followed by a European factor, an Asian factor, and finally a North American factor. However, the correlation between Australian output growth movements and the Asian business cycle factor evolved from negative and small to positive and large after 2002. The European and North American factors were negatively correlated with Australian output growth for most of the sample period before turning positive in the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the Australian economy has decoupled to some extent from Europe, was not much coupled with North America except insofar as the United States drove the global factor, and has increasingly become positively coupled with Asia.

Details

The Evolving Role of Asia in Global Finance
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1574-8715(2011)0000009017
ISBN: 978-0-85724-745-2

Keywords

  • International business cycle
  • decoupling
  • dynamic latent factor model
  • Kalman filter
  • dynamic correlation
  • variance decomposition

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Book part
Publication date: 16 December 2017

Index

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Abstract

Details

Including a Symposium on New Directions in Sraffa Scholarship
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0743-41542017000035B023
ISBN: 978-1-78714-539-9

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Book part
Publication date: 8 March 2011

Chapter 10 The Decoupling of Asia-Pacific?

James Yetman

Standard measures of business cycle comovement, based on correlation coefficients, are very sensitive to the phase of the business cycle, as well as to regional crises…

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Standard measures of business cycle comovement, based on correlation coefficients, are very sensitive to the phase of the business cycle, as well as to regional crises. Adjusting for these factors overturns the empirical result that Asia-Pacific economies are becoming decoupled from the United States over time. An alternative, intuitive, measure of business cycle comovement is proposed, based on the difference between output growth rates adjusted for its long-run average. The new measure suggests that Asia-Pacific economies are becoming more strongly coupled with the United States over time.

Details

The Evolving Role of Asia in Global Finance
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1574-8715(2011)0000009015
ISBN: 978-0-85724-745-2

Keywords

  • Decoupling
  • correlation
  • comovement

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1980

Managing International and Export Marketing

T. Cannon

Argues that the distinction between the two distinct, but interrelated areas of management in international trade is not neat – exporters being differentiated from the…

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Argues that the distinction between the two distinct, but interrelated areas of management in international trade is not neat – exporters being differentiated from the international marketer by the foreign, or alien, nature of his products in the market sought, while the international marketer can eliminate this in many circumstances. Highlights the Ford Motor Company, with manufacturing capability in a number of countries, exclusive distributorships and distinctive, national promotional policies as a multinational. States that smaller firms' options are restricted by comparison – particularly with regard to overseas entrepreneurs. Discusses further the reasons for trading overseas and gives four distinct phases for this. Looks at management and export marketing, stating that UK industry has had to face competition with lower costings in areas from textiles to commercial vehicles and tyres. Sums up that while international trade poses recurrent issues for marketing management a stock of knowledge exists which aids the solving of problems pertaining to the issues posed.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004894
ISSN: 0309-0566

Keywords

  • Export
  • International marketing
  • Management culture
  • International trade

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Article
Publication date: 24 April 2020

Evaluating the forecasting power of foreign Country's income growth: a global analysis

Hardik Marfatia

The objective of the paper is to explore the out-of-sample forecasting connections in income growth across the globe.

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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of the paper is to explore the out-of-sample forecasting connections in income growth across the globe.

Design/methodology/approach

An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework is employed and the forecasting performance is analyzed across several horizons using different forecast combination techniques.

Findings

Results show that the foreign country's income provides superior forecasts beyond what is provided by the country's own past income movements. Superior forecasting power is particularly held by Belgium, Korea, New Zealand, the UK and the US, while these countries' income is rather difficult to predict by global counterparts. Contrary to conventional wisdom, improved forecasts of income can be obtained even for longer horizons using our approach. Results also show that the forecast combination techniques yield higher forecasting gains relative to individual model forecasts, both in magnitude and the number of countries.

Research limitations/implications

The forecasting paths of income movement across the globe reveal that predictive power greatly differs across countries, regions and forecast horizons. The countries that are difficult to predict in the short run are often seen to be predictable by global income movements in the long run.

Practical implications

Even while it is difficult to predict the income movements at an individual country level, combining information from the income growth of several countries is likely to provide superior forecasting gains. And these gains are higher for long-horizon forecasts as compared to the short-horizon forecast.

Social implications

In evaluating the forward-looking social implications of economic policy changes, the policymakers should also consider the possible global forecasting connections revealed in the study.

Originality/value

Employing an ARDL model to explore global income forecasting connections across several forecast horizons using different forecast combination techniques.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 47 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-06-2019-0261
ISSN: 0144-3585

Keywords

  • Forecasting income growth
  • Global interconnections
  • Macroeconomic forecasting
  • Combination forecasts
  • C22
  • C53
  • E37
  • F43
  • O47

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