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Middle East and North Africa face rising tax issues

Location:

MIDDLE EAST/NORTH AFRICA

Personal income tax take by regional governments is very weak due in part to the size of the informal economy

Non-bank finance faultlines may fuel explosive crises

Location:

INT

Non-bank financial entities hold half of financial assets, are highly leveraged, and are far less regulated than banks

Shadow governance to deepen weak African state control

Location:

AFRICA

The preponderance of weak states in sub-Saharan Africa provides ample scope for non-state actors to seize territory

Reducing evasion is key as business taxes race lower

Location:

INT

President-elect Donald Trump aims to "cut business taxes massively" as the US corporate tax rate is the G20's highest

Demography and past austerity raise the COVID-19 risks

Location:

INT

COVID-19 particularly threatens the elderly; ageing populations and years of post-crisis austerity leave nations at risk

Demographic trends will shape economic prospects

Location:

INT

Transforming the world economy by 2040, working-age population growth will come almost entirely from lower-income states

Inheritance tax is poor answer to raising revenues

Location:

INTERNATIONAL

Within the OECD, 16 countries levy no taxes on assets passed to linear heirs, while the average top rate is 14%

Oil exporters share fiscal troubles, not resilience

Location:

INT

Leading exporters prioritise market share over fiscal considerations -- for now

Taxing capital over income and spending needs momentum

Location:

INT

Wealth is more unequal than income; tackling property prices and tax is more crucial for some nations than others

Flatlining incomes to slow African poverty alleviation

Location:

AF

Economic expansion is insufficient to provide for fast-growing populations