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1 – 10 of over 3000
Article
Publication date: 24 May 2013

James R. Barth, Gerard Caprio and Ross Levine

The purpose of this paper is to discuss and provide new data and measures of bank regulatory and supervisory policies in 180 countries from 1999 to 2011.

4201

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss and provide new data and measures of bank regulatory and supervisory policies in 180 countries from 1999 to 2011.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors' approach is based upon the quantification of hundreds of questions, including information on permissible bank activities, capital requirements, the powers of official supervisory agencies, information disclosure requirements, external governance mechanisms, deposit insurance, barriers to entry, and loan provisioning, to form indices of key bank regulatory and supervisory policies.

Findings

It is found that the regulation and supervision of banks varies widely across countries in many different dimensions. Furthermore, there has not been a convergence in bank regulatory regimes over the past decade despite the worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression.

Research limitations/implications

The data are based on survey responses and this requires that the answers be accurate. To better ensure this is the case, several checks were made to ensure greater accuracy in all the answers. Using this database one can perform various statistical analyses in attempt to determine which bank regulatory regimes work best to promote well‐functioning banking systems.

Originality/value

The authors' data and measures are new and unique so as enable policy makers and researchers to examine cross‐country comparisons and analyses of changes in banking policies over time.

Details

Journal of Financial Economic Policy, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-6385

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2001

Kern Alexander

This paper examines the need for international regulation of financial markets and suggests the possible role that a global financial supervisor might play in providing effective…

Abstract

This paper examines the need for international regulation of financial markets and suggests the possible role that a global financial supervisor might play in providing effective regulation of international financial markets. The first part discusses the nature of systemic risk in the international financial system and the necessity for international Minimum Standards of prudential supervision for banking institutions. The second part examines the efforts of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to devise non‐binding international standards for managing systemic risk in financial markets. Recent financial crises in Asia, Russia and Latin America suggest, however, that informal efforts by international bodies such as the Basel Committee are inadequate to address the risk of systemic failure in financial systems. The third part therefore argues that efficient international financial regulation requires certain regulatory functions to be performed by a global supervisor acting in conjunction with national regulatory authorities. These functions should involve the authorisation of financial institutions, generation of rules and standards of regulatory practice, surveillance of financial markets, and coordination with national authorities in implementing and enforcing such standards.

Details

Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2001

Kern Alexander

The need for international regulation of financial markets became apparent in the mid‐1970s in response to the post‐Bretton Woods liberalisation of financial markets. The…

Abstract

The need for international regulation of financial markets became apparent in the mid‐1970s in response to the post‐Bretton Woods liberalisation of financial markets. The elimination of the fixed exchange rate parity with gold resulted in the privatisation of financial risk, which created pressure to eliminate controls on cross‐border capital movements and the further deregulation of financial markets. It became necessary for national regulatory authorities to promote safe and sound banking systems through the effective management of systemic risk in national markets. Similarly, the need for international standards of prudential supervision was also recognised, to prevent solvent banking institutions in one jurisdiction from losing business to less respectable institutions operating in other jurisdictions whose laws permitted cut‐rate financial services and other risky financial practices. The privatisation of financial risk also created the need for financial institutions to spread their risks over many assets and activities, which led, in turn, to a significant increase in short‐term cross‐border portfolio investment that has, in many instances, exposed capital‐importing countries to increased systemic risk due to the volatility of such investments.

Details

Journal of Financial Crime, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-0790

Article
Publication date: 18 September 2017

David Wilkins

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the underlying assumption that social workers need reflective supervision specifically, as opposed to managerial or any other form of…

1009

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the underlying assumption that social workers need reflective supervision specifically, as opposed to managerial or any other form of supervision or support, and to consider whether our focus on the provision of reflective supervision may be preventing us from thinking more broadly and creatively about what support local authority child and family social workers need and how best to provide it.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides an argument based on the author’s own research and a selective review of the literature.

Findings

Reflective supervision has no future in local authority child and family social work because: first, there is no clear understanding of what reflective supervision is; second, there is no clear evidence for its effectiveness; and third, sizeable proportion of local authority child and family social workers in England do not receive reflective supervision and many never have.

Originality/value

The paper challenges the received wisdom about the value of reflective supervision and advocates exploring alternative models for supporting best practice in child and family social work.

Details

Journal of Children's Services, vol. 12 no. 2-3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-6660

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 March 2018

Hannes Köster and Matthias Pelster

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of financial penalties on the stability of the banking sector.

1135

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of financial penalties on the stability of the banking sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A unique database of 671 financial penalties imposed on 68 international listed banks between 2007 and 2014 and a fixed-effects panel data approach were used.

Findings

The results show that financial penalties increase banks’ systemic risk exposure but do not significantly affect banks’ contribution to systemic risk. Additionally, the link between financial penalties and systemic risk exposure is weaker in regulatory and supervisory systems with more prompt corrective power among national authorities. By contrast, supervisory authorities’ stronger power to declare insolvency and a greater external monitoring culture exacerbate the positive effects of financial penalties on systemic risk exposure.

Practical implications

The punishment of misconduct should correct the social harm and prevent future misconduct while ensuring the banking system’s stability. Therefore, authorities should punish misconduct by implementing penalties against the financial institutions at a specific amount that offsets the damages of misconduct but does not threaten systemic stability. Penalties against institutions may be complemented by financial penalties against upper management to induce a more responsible culture in banks.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to study the effect of financial penalties on the stability of the financial system. The results contribute to the ongoing debate on the appropriateness of financial penalties and address the question of whether bank regulators reduce or contribute to banks’ systemic risk.

Details

The Journal of Risk Finance, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1526-5943

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1998

Richard Dale and Simon Wolfe

Several recent developments (notably, the breakdown of traditional distinctions between different types of financial activity, the globalisation of financial markets and…

1776

Abstract

Several recent developments (notably, the breakdown of traditional distinctions between different types of financial activity, the globalisation of financial markets and increasing emphasis on systemic stability as a regulatory objective) have prompted policy‐makers to search for an ‘optimum’ regulatory structure that is adapted to the new market environment. Further impetus has been given to this debate by the radical overhaul of regulatory structures, along quite different lines in Australia, the UK and Japan, and the ongoing deliberations within the US Congress over structured financial reform. This paper examines alternative ways of organising the regulatory function in the context of the new financial market environment. The first section reviews the objectives, targets and techniques of regulation. The second section describes the new market environment and the restructuring of the financial services industry. The third section assesses the implications of this new environment for the structure of regulation. The fourth section addresses the international dimension. The final section provides a summary and conclusion. The paper is based on a presentation made at the World Bank Conference, El Salvador, June 1998.

Details

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1358-1988

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2005

Don Vangel

Nearly eight years ago, a study “Global Institutions, National Supervision and Systemic Risk” was released by the Group of Thirty (G‐30), a private, nonprofit international body…

Abstract

Nearly eight years ago, a study “Global Institutions, National Supervision and Systemic Risk” was released by the Group of Thirty (G‐30), a private, nonprofit international body that seeks to deepen understanding of international economic and financial issues. The report observed that in a world of global financial conglomerates, supervisory structures that are divided by industry and nationality may create “gaps” that could place the financial system at greater risk of instability. The 1997 report recommended that global institutions‐working with the jurisdictions in which they operate‐develop principles of risk management to which they will adhere, as well as a mechanism for making that adherence transparent to the markets. It further proposed that financial regulators focus more attention on the systemic risk presented by markets and clearing mechanisms that link financial institutions and systems around the world.

Details

Journal of Investment Compliance, vol. 5 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1528-5812

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1997

Francis M. Duffy

Asks the question: what if the focus of educational supervision was to shift from inspecting individual teacher‐behaviour to examining and improving three sets of key…

1863

Abstract

Asks the question: what if the focus of educational supervision was to shift from inspecting individual teacher‐behaviour to examining and improving three sets of key organizational variables ‐ work processes, social architecture and environmental relationships? What if supervision could be transformed from performance evaluation into a process for designing high performing schools? Presents the paradigm of Knowledge Work Supervision, an innovative model of educational supervision designed to achieve what is alluded to in the above questions. It is a systemic and systematic model for redesigning the anatomy (structures), physiology (flow of information and webs of relationships) and psychology (beliefs, values) of an entire school system. Explains that the paradigm is cyclical, having four phases each with several activities, and it was constructed by reviewing real‐world practices in several interrelated areas: socio‐technical systems design, knowledge work, quality improvement, business process re‐engineering and organization development. Claims that Knowledge Work Supervision marks the leading edge of an emerging paradigm shift in the field of educational supervision.

Details

International Journal of Educational Management, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-354X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 November 2015

Larry D Wall

The purpose of this paper is to develop an explicitly macroprudential supervisory framework designed to identify threats to financial stability use existing mechanisms to reduce…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an explicitly macroprudential supervisory framework designed to identify threats to financial stability use existing mechanisms to reduce the risk of these threats and to provide information to the authorities to more efficiently mitigate any instability that does arise.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper begins with an analysis of the limitations of microprudential regulation. It then develops a macroprudential surveillance framework focused on those financial markets that have the potential to undermine financial stability. It concludes with a discussion of how the surveillance results may be used to enhance financial stability.

Findings

The current supervisory focus on microprudential supervision of systemically important institutions is insufficient; an explicitly macroprudential focus is required.

Research limitations/implications

Although this paper’s conceptual framework is applicable to all advanced financial systems the discussion of specific regulatory structures focuses on the USA.

Practical implications

An explicit supervisory focus on the threats posed by major financial markets is feasible and desirable.

Social implications

The probability of a financial crisis and the economic damage caused by a crisis can be significantly reduced by redirecting some regulatory efforts toward in-depth analysis of major financial markets.

Originality/value

The paper emphasizes that macroprudential supervision must include both quantitative and detailed analysis of the qualitative aspects of key markets.

Details

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 23 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1358-1988

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 November 2015

Georgios L Vousinas

– This paper aims to highlight the new regulatory framework established by Basel III.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to highlight the new regulatory framework established by Basel III.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a critical review of the existing literature concerning bank supervision while providing an overview of the transition from Basel I to Basel III rules and critical appraisal of the current regulatory framework. Review of the existing literature.

Findings

Basel III introduces new measures in favor of bank stability and in order to mitigate the propagation of financial shocks. But on the other hand the new regulatory framework adds an extra burden to banks’ business plans affecting credit policies and thus the real economy. Another issue that is not properly addressed is the rising of financial innovations that are able to pass by the new regulations. Overall Basel III rules are moving to the right direction but need to stay always up-to-date in order to catch up with the modern ever-evolving financial system. Pros and cons. Need for improvement.

Originality/value

The paper presents an up-to-date review of Basel rules with future prospects.

Details

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 23 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1358-1988

Keywords

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